黄河水市场的建立与水资源的优化配置

1987年国务院批准了黄河可供水理分配方案，1994年黄河水利委员会又向沿黄省（区）颁发了《取水许可证》。随着流域社会经济的发展，黄河水资源供需矛盾愈加突出。目前黄河水资源管理调度体制还存在政府指令配水严重失控、没有引入激励补偿机制、同比例丰增枯减的原则不利于水资源优化配置等问题。在黄河上建立水市场符合市场经济规律，可以促进节水，提高水资源的利用率，改善生态环境，有利于水资源的高效配置和合理利用。

Building Water Market of the Yellow River and Optimizing Allocation of Water Resources

Water allocation scheme was approved by the State Council in 1987, Water License Certificates was issued by YRCC to the regions concerned in 1994. Contradiction between the water supply and demand will be more serious with the social and economic development in the future. There are many problems with the currently used water management system such as water allocation based on the governmental orders being out of control, no encouragement punishment mechanism and the rule that the water is allocated at same rate regardless of available water volumes, being weighted against optimization of water resources using, etc. The authors have proposed that to building water markets will facilitate economizing water, increase water using efficiency, and improve eco environment.