电感耦合等离子体质谱分析方法的重要进展（2005~2016年）

2005~2016这十几年中，电感耦合等离子体质谱（ICP-MS）仪器的性能得到了大幅改善，其灵敏度最高可达10⁶ cps/(1 μg/L, In)，稳定性为1%～2%。多接收ICP-MS精密度的提高尤其显著，同位素测量精密度优于0.01%。各类ICP-MS普遍采用高速数据采集技术与数据库技术，使数据处理能力进一步加强。以三重四极杆和高分辨为代表的ICP-MS对基体干扰和多原子离子干扰消除能力进一步加强，绿色节能环保型和智能型ICP-MS也得到了关注。一些电离能较高的贵金属、类金属和非金属元素分析技术得到重视。以激光烧蚀（LA）、高效液相色谱（HPLC）、气相色谱（GC）、离子色谱（IC）、毛细管电泳（CE）、电热蒸发（ETV）和化学气体发生（CVG）为代表的联用技术及形态分析发展快速。单颗粒（SP）和单细胞（SC）等技术与ICP-MS的联用产生了以功能定义的专用ICP-MS，大大扩展了ICP-MS的应用领域。ICP-MS分析技术从传统的无机元素分析发展到有机生物及形态分析，从传统的样品消解后溶液进样分析发展到固体样品在线进样分析，从传统的元素含量分析发展到2D-3D成像分析和高精度同位素分析。ICP-MS在能源、地质、材料、环保、生物医学、食品、国土安全等诸多领域的应用进一步扩展，成熟的ICP-MS分析方法实现了标准化并得到推广和普及。本工作从6个方面总结回顾了2005~2016年间ICP-MS的重要进展，并对其发展前景进行了展望。

Major Advances in Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (2005—2016)

In the last years（2005-2016）, the performance of inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) has been greatly improved, and its sensitivity was up to 10⁶ cps/(1 μg/L, In), and the stability to 1%-2%. The precision of MC-ICP-MS has been remarkably improved, and the precision of isotope measurement is better than 0.01%. High speed data acquisition technology and database technology have been widely used in all kinds of ICP-MS, so that the data processing ability has been further strengthened. The ability to eliminate the interference from matrix and polyatomic ions has been further improved by triple tandem quadrupole and high resolution techniques. Various green energy saving and environmental protection measures for ICP-MS get attention. Analysis techniques for some high ionization energy elements like precious metals, metalloid and non-metals have been significantly addressed. Hyphenated techniques and speciation analysis of ICP-MS based on laser ablation (LA), high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), gas chromatography (GC), ion chromatography (IC), capillary electrophoresis (CE), electrothermal vaporization (ETV) and chemical vapor generation (CVG) have been rapidly developed during this period. ICP-MS combined with single particle (SP) and single cell (SC) techniques led to the emergence of function defined ICP-MS and greatly expanded the applications of ICP-MS. Rapid development of ICP-MS technology has driven the ICP-MS applications from traditional inorganic elements analysis to organic biological and morphological analysis; from traditional solution sample introduction analysis to online solid sample introduction analysis; from traditional elements content analysis to 2D-3D imaging analysis and high precision isotope analysis. ICP-MS analysis technology in the field of energy, geology, materials, environmental protection, biomedicine, food, homeland security, and many other areas of application has been further expanded. The mature ICP-MS analysis methods have been standardized and widely applied to the routine analysis nationwide. This paper briefly summarized and reviewed the major advances of ICP-MS in the years of 2005-2016.