基于生态协调性和建设适宜性的山区基本农田布局研究——以福建省永安市为例

在生态文明建设背景下,探索兼顾生态环境保护和耕地资源保护的基本农田布局方法不仅是划定永久基本农田的首要任务,更是构建土地利用开发新格局的主要内容。目前,针对基本农田布局的相关研究仍侧重于耕地的资源属性,忽视了耕地在区域生态系统中产生和存在的合理性问题,导致生态环境问题持续加重。论文借鉴景观生态学等相关理论分析了耕地与区域生态系统之间的相互关系,提出了一种兼顾生态协调性和建设适宜性的基本农田布局方法,并以福建省永安市为例开展了实证研究。结果表明：该布局方法不仅保证了基本农田保护制度保护优质耕地的内在要求,而且突出了耕地与区域生态系统在景观尺度上的相互影响,促进了山区耕地利用与生态环境的协调发展,同时可为今后基本农田的科学划定提供参考。

Research on the Basic Farmland Distribution in Mountainous Areas Based on Ecological Harmony and Construction Suitability

With the background of ecological civilization construction, the basic farmland layout which gives consideration to both ecological environment protection and farmland protection is not only an urgent task to delimit the permanent basic farmland but also the main content to construct land use development pattern. At present, the research of basic farmland layout still treat cultivated land as resources but neglect the rationality of cultivated land's generation and existence in regional ecological system, and thus it caused aggravated ecological and environmental problems. This paper carried out research from both ecological harmony and construction suitability point of views. The ecological harmony of basic farmland was diagnosed with the minimum resistance model from two perspectives of biodiversity conservation and soil and water conservation, and the comprehensive quality of farmland and soil environment which can reflect the construction suitability of basic farmland was evaluated based on the comprehensive evaluation model with multi-factor and Nemerow Pollution Index respectively. Finally, reasonable distribution index was used to ensure the types of basic farmland distribution. The results indicated that: 1) The regions which have low ecological harmony mainly distribute in the town of Ansha, Huainan and Gongshan. It will cause soil loss, water shortages and degradation of bio-diversity if the basic farmland locates in these areas. The high ecological harmony regions which are suitable for basic farmland mainly distribute in the town of Xiaotao, Xiyang and Gongchuan. 2) There are 15 030.23 hm² of cultivated land suitable for basic farmland, accounting for 85.48% of the total area of cultivated land. 3) The cultivated land can be divided into four types by Jenks Method. The priority type and basic protection type have better ecological harmony and construction suitability in which basic farmland can be distributed directly. The moderate layout type need to be screened based on the results of comprehensive land management and landscape planning, while the withdrawing type is not suitable for basic farm land. The conclusion of this article is that the layout method not only guarantees the internal requirement of basic farmland protection system to protect the high quality cultivated land, but also emphasizes the interaction between cultivated land and region ecological system and promote the coordinated development of mountain land use and ecological environment. The result of this paper can provide reference for decision-making in comprehensive land management, high standard basic farmland construction and ecological environment planning.