三峡水库库区沙峰输移特性研究

近年来,三峡水库入库泥沙大幅减少,水库泥沙淤积大为减轻。受局部暴雨影响,入库泥沙主要集中在典型洪水期间,为水库的沙峰调度提供了有利条件。三峡水库在2012年和2013年汛期成功实施了沙峰调度,取得了较好的排沙减淤效果。利用实测资料分析和数值模拟等方法,对库区沙峰的输移特性和衰减规律进行了系统分析与研究。结果表明:三峡水库蓄水后,库水位抬高,库区水流流速减慢,沙峰输移时间较蓄水前大幅增加;库区沙峰衰减主要与河段长度、流量和泥沙颗粒有关。研究结果可为进一步掌握更精准的沙峰调度时机、制订更科学合理的沙峰排沙调度方案提供技术支撑。

Research on sediment peak movement characteristics in Three Gorges Reservoir

In recent years, for the dramatical?decrease of sediments carried into the Three Gorges Reservoir, the sediment deposition has reduced substantially. And the obviously concentration of sediments in typical flood periods provides favorable conditions for sediment peak regulation. During flood seasons of 2012 and 2013, sediments peak regulation was successfully implemented and a favorable result in sediments discharge was achieved. The observed data and numerical simulation method were used to systematically analyze the transporting characteristics of sediment peak and the attenuation process. The results show that after operation of Three Gorges project, the water level rises and water flows slowly, so it is much longer to transport sediments; the attenuation of sediment peak is correlated with the length, discharge and sediment particles of the river reach. The study provides technical support for capturing the perfect timing for sediment peak regulation and formulating a sediment regulation scheme in a more scientific and reasonable way.