面向生态环境保护的三峡水库调度实践与展望

长江上游已建成三峡、溪洛渡等巨型控制性水库并投入运行,对长江河流生态环境正在产生不可逆转的多方面影响;同时,长江经济带绿色发展对如何协调好经济发展与生态环境保护之间的关系提出了新要求,为此,有必要重新审视以三峡为代表的流域水库生态调度的内涵,为长江流域保护和长江经济带可持续发展提供保障做好技术支持。以三峡水库为重点,分析总结了自三峡水库建成以来生态调度的实践及其特点,在坚持生态优先的长江经济带绿色发展的新要求下,分析提出了对流域生态环境的认识、生态调度理念和技术以及水库调度管理等方面尚待解决的问题,并以问题为导向,梳理了三峡水库各时期、各区域面临的生态环境保护需求,提出了贯穿三峡水库调度全年过程的生态调度目标体系,形成了以生态环境保护为边界条件的三峡生态调度新思路,并总结提出了未来一段时期内三峡水库生态调度重点研究方向。

Practice and prospects of Three Gorgers Reservoir eco-regulation for ecology and environment protection

Presently, in the upstream of Changjiang River basin, large numbers of large-scale reservoirs, such as Three Gorges Reservoir, Xiluodu Reservoir, have been constructed and put into operation. The operations of these hydraulic projects are causing irreversible impacts on the river morphology, ecology and environment. In addition, to facilitate the development of Changjiang Economic Belt following the concept of "green development" which putting the restoration and protection of the eco-environmental system as the highest priority, demands on how to appropriately coordinate development and protection, has become a new challenge for the operation of the reservoirs. Thus, to safeguard the sustainable development of the Changjiang Economic Belt, it is of highly significant to re-examine the connotation of the ecological regulation of large reservoirs in Changjiang River Basin. In this paper, the characteristics of the ecological regulation of Three Gorges Reservoir in recent years are summarized and analyzed; some issues are identified and studied, such as the understanding on ecology and environment of the basin, concept and technology of reservoir ecological regulation, and management mode considering reservoir regulation. Solution-oriented, the author sorts out the ecological environment protection demands required for the Three Gorges Reservoir in various periods and for different regions, so corresponding ecological regulation targets are put forward throughout the year-round reservoir operation, thus forming a new idea on eco-regulation of Three Gorges Reservoir which is confined by environmental protection boundaries. Finally, a systematic roadmap and key topics of research to optimize the regulation rules of Three Gorges Reservoir aiming for ecological and environmental protection are proposed.