Last Glacial Maximum climate of the former Soviet Union and Mongolia reconstructed from pollen and plant macrofossil data |
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Authors: | P E Tarasov O Peyron J Guiot S Brewer V S Volkova L G Bezusko N I Dorofeyuk E V Kvavadze I M Osipova N K Panova |
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Affiliation: | Department of Geography, Moscow State University, Vorob’evy Gory, 119899 Moscow, Russia E-mail: pavel@climate.geogr.msu.su, RU IMEP, CNRS UMR 6100, Faculté de St-Jér?me, case 451, 13397 Marseille Cedex 20, France, FR Institute of Geology, Russian Academy of Sciences (Siberian Branch), Universitetskii 3, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia, RU Institute of Botany, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Tereshchenkovskaya 2, Kiev 252601, Ukraine, UA Institute of Evolution and Ecology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Piatnitskaya 47, Stroenie 3, Moscow 109017, Russia, RU Institute of Palaeobiology, Georgian Academy of Sciences, Potomaja 4, Tbilisi 380004, Georgia, GE Central Geological Laboratory, Zvenigorodskoe Shosse 9, Moscow 309252, Russia, RU Forest Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences (Ural Branch), Bilimbaevskaya 32 A, Ekaterinburg 620134, Russia, RU
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Abstract: | An improved concept of the best analogues method was used to reconstruct the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) climate from a set
of botanical records from the former Soviet Union and Mongolia. Terrestrial pollen and macrofossil taxa were grouped into
broad classes – plant functional types (PFTs), defined by the ecological and climatic parameters used in the BIOME1 model.
PFT scores were then calibrated in terms of modern climate using 1245 surface pollen spectra from Eurasia and North America.
In contrast to individual taxa, which exhibit great variability and may not be present in the palaeoassemblages, even in suitable
climates, PFTs are more characteristic of the vegetation types. The modified method thus allows climate reconstruction at
time intervals with partial direct analogues of modern vegetation (e.g. the LGM). At 18 kBP, mean temperatures were 20–29 °C
colder than today in winter and 5–11 °C colder in summer in European Russia and Ukraine. Sites from western Georgia show negative,
but moderate temperature anomalies compared to today: 8–11 °C in January and 5–7 °C in July. LGM winters were 7–15 °C colder
and summers were 1–7 °C colder in Siberia and Mongolia. Annual precipitation sums were 50–750 mm lower than today across northern
Eurasia, suggesting a weakening of the Atlantic and Pacific influences. Reconstructed drought index shows much drier LGM conditions
in northern and mid-latitude Russia, but similar to or slightly wetter than today around the Black Sea and in Mongolia, suggesting
compensation of precipitation losses by lower-than-present evaporation.
Received: 11 May 1998 / Accepted: 25 September 1998 |
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