影响膨润土溶胀性能因素的研究

通过测定夏子街钠土、吉林四平钠土、浙江安吉钙土、泗安钙土、常山钙土基本的物化性能,并对其蒙脱石矿物结构进行分析,探讨了蒙脱石含量、层间可交换阳离子种类和数量、蒙脱石矿物结构特点与膨润土溶胀性能之间的关系。研究表明:(1)蒙脱石含量越高,膨润土的溶胀性能越好;(2)蒙脱石层间可交换阳离子的种类对膨润土溶胀性能影响很大,天然钠土的溶胀性能明显优于钙土;(3)天然钠土层电荷越低,其溶胀性能越好;天然钙土则相反;(4)蒙脱石矿物结构的有序性与天然钠土溶胀性能相关性较为明显,蒙脱石结构有序性差,溶胀性能较好,而蒙脱石结构有序性与钙土溶胀性能关系不明显。

Study on Influencing Factors of Swelling Properties of Bentonite

The basic physical and chemical properties of bentonite from Xiazijie,Xinjiang;Siping,Jilin;Anji,Si'an and Changshan,Zhejiang were tested,and their montmorillonite structures were analyzed.Based on the above,the authors discussed the relation between the montmorillonite content,the exchangeable cationic type between layer and its amount,the montmorillonite structure and the swelling performance of bentonite.The results indicated that:(1) the better swelling performance the higher montmorillonite content;(2) the exchangeable cationic type between layer has a great influence on the swelling performance of Na-bentonite strongly,and the swelling performance of Na-bentonite is superior to the Ca-bentonite;(3) the better swelling performance the lower layer charge of Na-bentonite,however the Ca-bentonite is reversed;(4) As to Na-bentonite,the swelling performance decreasing with the montmorillonite structure ordering,but to Ca-bentonite,the relation between the two is not obvious.