12种杀菌剂制剂对半闭弯尾姬蜂的急性毒性及安全性评价

采用试管药膜法测定了12种杀菌剂制剂对半闭弯尾姬蜂成蜂的急性接触毒性,结合安全性系数评价了供试药剂对半闭弯尾姬蜂的安全性。急性毒性测定结果表明,氟硅唑和啶菌噁唑对半闭弯尾姬蜂成蜂的接触毒性最高,LC50值分别为220.022和223.115 mg·L-1;其次为多抗霉素、丙森锌和戊唑醇,LC50值分别为436.496、472.358和638.638 mg·L-1;其余7种杀菌剂制剂嘧霉胺、啶酰菌胺、苯醚甲环唑、多菌灵、嘧菌酯、嘧菌环胺和异菌脲对半闭弯尾姬蜂成蜂的触杀毒性都较低,LC50值均大于1 000 mg·L-1。安全性评价结果表明,丙森锌和啶菌噁唑对半闭弯尾姬蜂成蜂具有高风险性,安全系数分别为0.16和0.42;嘧霉胺、多抗霉素、氟硅唑和戊唑醇为中等风险性,安全系数分别为1.43、1.56、2.20和3.23;其余6种杀菌剂制剂啶酰菌胺、苯醚甲环唑、多菌灵、嘧菌酯、嘧菌环胺和异菌脲对半闭弯尾姬蜂表现为低风险性,安全系数均大于5。结果显示:甾醇脱甲基抑制剂氟硅唑、戊唑醇和啶菌噁唑以及苯胺基嘧啶类杀菌剂嘧霉胺、有机硫杀菌剂丙森锌和抗菌素多抗霉素对半闭弯尾姬蜂成蜂具有急性毒性风险,在有害生物综合治理中应谨慎使用,特别是啶菌噁唑和丙森锌,以免对半闭弯尾姬蜂造成不良影响和危害。

Acute Toxicity and Safety Evaluation of 12 Fungicide Formulations to Diadegma semiclausum (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae)

The acute contact toxicities of 12 fungicide formulations to adults of Diadegma semiclausum were tested with a test tube residue method. The obtained LC₅₀ values were used to calculate the safety coefficients with the formula of LC₅₀/recommended field concentration, which in turn were used to assess the risks of the 12 fungicides to the wasp. Contact toxicity bioassay showed that flusilazole and SYP-Z048 had the highest contact toxicity to adults of D. semiclausum, with a LC₅₀ of 220.022 and 223.115 mg L^-1, respectively, followed by polyoxin, propineb and tebuconazole, with a LC₅₀ of 436.496, 472.358 and 638.638 mg L^-1, respectively. The other 7 fungicides, including pyrimethanil, boscalid, difenoconazole, carbendazim, azoxystrobin, cyprodinil and iprodione, had a LC₅₀ of 1 000 mg L^-1 and were the least toxic to adults of D. semiclausum. Safety evaluation revealed that propineb and SYP-Z048 had a safety coefficient of 0.16 and 0.42, respectively, and thus were of high risk to the wasp. Pyrimethanil, polyoxin, flusilazole and tebuconazole were of moderate risk to the wasp since their safety coefficients were 1.43, 1.56, 2.20 and 3.23, respectively. Boscalid, difenoconazole, carbendazim, azoxystrobin, cyprodinil and iprodione had a safety coefficient of >5 and thus were of low risk to the wasp. Taken together, these results suggest that the sterol demethylation inhibitors flusilazole, tebuconazole and SYP-Z048, the aniline pyrimidine fungicide pyrimethanil, the organic sulfur fungicide propineb and the antibiotics polyoxin, especially SYP-Z048 and propineb, have an acute toxicity risk to adults of D. semiclausum and thus should be used with caution in integrated pest management programs in order to avoid their adverse effects on D. semiclausum.