佛山地区儿童变应性鼻炎患者吸入性变应原特点分析

目的 了解佛山地区儿童变应性鼻炎(allergic rhinitis,AR)患者吸入变应原的分布特点,为儿童AR的诊治提供临床参考.方法 采用包括11种吸入性过敏原的阿罗格过敏原点刺试剂盒,对2012年9月至2015年9月期间在本科门诊拟诊为AR的佛山地区562例患儿进行皮肤点刺试验(skin prick test,SPT),描述变应原的分布特征,比较不同性别及不同年龄组间变应原阳性率的差异,并分析变应原阳性率与患儿哮喘史、湿疹史和家族史的关系.结果 变应原总体阳性率为82.56％(464/562),其中粉尘螨、屋尘螨及热带螨阳性率居于前三位,分别是80.64％、78.66％、59.31％,其次为狗毛15.36％、猫毛12.63％、德国小蠊12.32％.阳性患者中单一变应原阳性者16例(3.30％),两种变应原阳性者39例(8.02％),三种及以上变应原阳性者431例(88.68％).不同年龄组患儿的变应原阳性率不同,10～ 14岁组最高(90.18％),其次7～ 10岁组(87.57％),3～7岁组最低(79.73％),三组间两两比较差异无统计学意义(x2=2.452,P＞ 0.05),男女性别间阳性率差异有统计学意义(x2=7.195,P＜0.05).有哮喘、湿疹及家族史的患儿变应原阳性率明显高于无哮喘湿疹及家族史者.结论 粉尘螨、屋尘螨及热带螨是佛山地区儿童最常见的吸入性变应原,儿童变应原阳性率与性别及年龄存在一定的关系.变应原阳性率与患儿哮喘史、湿疹史及家族史关系密切.早期进行变应原筛查,有助于儿童AR的早期诊断和早期干预.

Characteristics of aeroallergens of children with allergic rhinitis in Foshan

Objective To investigate the distribution of aeroallergens in children with allergic rhinitis (AR) in Foshan city and to analyze the relevant factors.Methods 562 children with AR treated at our outpatient department from September,2012 to September,2015 underwent skin prick tests (SPT) with allergopharma skin prick kit,which included 11 kinds of standardized common aeroallergens.The positive rate of variety of allergens was calculated.Their gender,age,family history,and histories of asthma and eczema were analyzed.Results The total positive rate of aeroallergens was 82.56％ (464/562).The positive rates of dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (80.64％),dermatophagoides farina (78.66％),and tropical mites (59.31％) were the top three and the positive rates of dog hair (15.36％),cat hair (12.63％),and Blattella germanica (12.32％) came next.Among the positive patients,16 cases (3.30％) were allergic to only one aeroallergen,39(8.02％) to two,and 431 (88.68％)to three or more than three.The positive rate of SPT was different in three different age groups and the highest one was that of the 10-14 years old group (90.18％),that of the 7-10 years old group (87.57％) came next,and that of the 3-7 years old group (79.73％) was the lowest,but with no statistical differences between each two groups (x2=2.452,P＞0.05).There was statistical difference in the positive rate of SPT between the female group and the male group (x2=7.195,P＜0.05).The positive rate correlated with family history and histories of eczema and asthma.Conclusions The main aeroallergens in children with allergic rhinitis in Foshan city tested by SPT are dermatophagoides pteronyssinus,dermatophagoides farina,and tropical mites.The positive rate of aeroallergens correlates with the sex and age of children.The positive rate of children with family history and the histories of asthma and eczema is much higher than that of the control group.Early skin prick test is helpful for the early diagnosis and intervention of allergic rhinitis in children.