工作面过破坏区开采方法与覆岩破断规律研究

以崔家寨E13103工作面为研究背景，运用力学分析、数值模拟、现场实测等方法，对垂直、斜交、平行3种不同类型的小煤窑巷道破坏形式进行研究，掌握了小煤窑破坏区内全工作面应力分布规律；并针对不同类型的小煤窑巷道，建立了系统的过破坏区的开采工艺，尤其对于贯穿于工作面的4条平行空巷，采用“摆动调斜”的方式回采工作面；通过研究支架-围岩稳定性，建立了过小煤窑巷道顶板破断力学模型，并得出了揭露空巷阶段支承压力分布规律；通过分析“顶板-支架-空巷-煤柱-实体煤”之间关系，推导出工作面支架过小煤窑巷道阶段合理工作阻力计算公式，揭示了目前工作面支架选型并不合理等问题，有效指导支架设计与选型；同时提出了相应的小煤窑破坏区下开采安全技术措施。

Mining methods and roof caving mechanism in longwall mining through the abandoned gateroads of small mines

Ground pressure behavior is different from that at ordinary panel face in longwall mining when the coal face goes through the abandoned gateroad of small mines.It is easy to induce the accident of face spalling,roof fall and crush shield support.In this paper,Cuijiazhai E13103 panel was used as a research site.By using mechanical analysis,numerical simulation and field measurement,the stress distribution for the panel in the disturbed area was determined with research on the damage range of the vertical,oblique and parallel abandoned gateroads of small mines.For the different types of abandoned gateroads,the mining technique was established for passing through the damaged area.Especially for the four parallel abandoned gateroads across the panel,the “swing-inclined face” mining method was employed in this paper.The mechanical model of roof caving was built by considering the stability of shield-ground.The abutment pressure distribution of “swing-inclined face” was determined as well by using numerical simulation.By analyzing the relation between “roof-shield-abandoned gateroads-pillar-intact coal”,the reasonable supporting capacity of shield was calculated when the face was in the damaged areas.It reveals the problems that the shield selection is not reasonable and it effectively guides the shield design and shield selection.Technical measures for safe mining were also proposed in longwall mining through the abandoned gateroad of small mines.