家长参与预防和控制初中生吸烟的影响因素分析

目的探索家长参与青少年控烟积极性的影响因素。方法设计自填式问卷对初中生及其家长进行横断面调查,Ordinal回归法筛选家长参与的影响因素。结果2617套有效问卷中,家长参与程度Ⅰ~Ⅴ级的构成比分别为1.9%、4.9%、13.4%和33.4%和46.4%,母亲的参与程度显著高于父亲(P<0.05)。筛选出10个有统计学意义的影响家长参与的变量,其中8个为促进因素(按OR值排序)较高的家长文化程度>尝试过戒烟>对“吸烟的形象与心理作用”的正确态度>“吸烟引起的呼吸系统疾病和癌症”的认知水平>对“禁烟相关的措施”的正确态度>学生为男性>对“吸烟与人际交往”的正确态度>对“吸烟对健康的危害”的正确态度;而2个阻碍因素为家长现在吸烟>家长年龄。结论文化程度低、年龄较大的、女生的以及现在吸烟的家长参与学生控烟的积极性较差,健康促进家庭可提高其参与积极性,从而预防和控制青少年吸烟。

Analysis on the influence factors of parental participation in prevention and control of smoking among secondary school students

OBJECTIVE: To identify the influence factors of parental participation in tobacco control among adolescents. METHODS: In a cross-sectional survey, self-administered questionnaires were used to collect data about smoking-related information from 2851 students and their parents in six secondary schools. The method of Ordinal Regression was applied to select significant influence factors. RESULTS: A total of 2617 pairs of valid questionnaires were included in final analysis. The portion of parents with V level participation was highest (46.4%), followed by IV level at 33.4%, III level at 13.4%, II level at 4.9% and I level at 1.9%. The mothers' participation was significant (P < 0.05) higher than fathers'. With Ordinal Regression, ten variables were selected as significant influence factors that could predict parental participation. Eight of them were associated with high parental participation and ranked as follows according to odds ratio: high education level, ever tried to quit smoking, correct attitudes to image and psychological effects of smoking, level of knowledge about respiratory diseases and cancers caused by cigarette smoking, correct attitudes to bans of smoking, having a male child, correct attitudes to smoking and personal interaction, and correct attitudes to health damage of smoking. On the contrary, two variables had significant association with low parental participation: current smoking and ages of parents. CONCLUSION: The parents with lower education level, older age, daughters and current smoking are comparatively inactive in tobacco control among adolescents. Health promotion family is proposed as an effective way to increase their participation. As a result, the prevalence of smoking among adolescents in China will be under control in some extent.