质子交换膜燃料电池膜电极的结构优化

膜电极(membrane electrode assembly,MEA)是质子交换膜燃料电池(proton exchange membrane fuel cell,PEMFC)的核心部件,为PEMFC提供了多相物质传递的微通道和电化学反应场所。为了实现燃料电池商业化目标,需要制备高功率密度、低Pt载量、耐久性好的MEA。在MEA中除了催化剂以外,各功能层结构、层与层之间的界面都对MEA的性能具有重要影响。传统方法(CCS法和CCM法)制备的MEA在结构上有很多缺陷,明显制约了Pt的利用率和系统传质能力。通过优化各功能层结构消除缺陷,将有利于进一步提升PEMFC综合性能。本文从传统MEA结构存在的问题出发,梳理了近年来关于催化层、质子交换膜和气体扩散层结构优化方面的文献,归纳总结了各先进结构的制备方法、构效关系以及优缺点,对未来高性能、低成本和长寿命的MEA的开发具有指导意义。

Structural optimization of PEMFC membrane electrode assembly

Membrane electrode assembly(MEA)is the core component of proton exchange membrane fuel cell(PEMFC),which provides the microchannels for the transfer of multiphase substances and electrochemical reaction sites.To achieve the commercialization of PEMFC,fabricating MEA with high power density,low Pt loading and good durability is needed.Inside MEA,the structures of function layers and the interfaces between layer to layer all have great impact on the performance of MEA outside of the catalyst.The MEA prepared by traditional methods(CCS method and CCM method)has many structural defects,which greatly reduces the utilization rate of Pt and the mass transfer ability.By optimizing the structure of each functional layer to eliminate defects,it will be beneficial to further improve the comprehensive performance of PEMFC.Based on the problems existing in the traditional MEA structure,literatures in recent years on the improvement of the structure of CL,PEM and GDL were combed,and the preparation methods,structure-activity relations,and advantages/disadvantages of each advanced structure were summarized.This paper will provide a guidance for the development of MEA with high performance,low cost and long service life in the future.