胰腺囊性肿瘤的定性诊断

目的 探讨胰腺囊性肿瘤病人术前症状、实验室检查、影像学特征及针吸活检在判断病变良恶性及对外科治疗的指导作用.方法 回顾性分析北京大学第一医院1994-2008年手术治疗的69例胰腺囊性肿瘤病人的临床资料,对性别、症状与体征、肿瘤部位、大小、肿瘤标记物、肿瘤实性成分、有否钙化及胰管梗阻等可能预测肿瘤恶性行为的风险因素进行统计学分析.结果 经术后病理证实,69例病人包括浆液性肿瘤13例,黏液性囊性肿瘤30例,胰管内乳头状黏液性肿瘤7例,实性假乳头状瘤12例,囊性内分泌肿瘤及其它肿瘤7例.69例中交界性或恶性44例,良性25例.单因素分析病人术前上述指标,显示梗阻性黄疸、血清CA19-9或CEA水平、肿瘤直径大于5 cm、囊性肿瘤实性成分与恶性病理关系密切,敏感性分别为34.1%(15/44)、47.7%(21/44)、88.6%(39/44)和72.7%(32/44),特异性为96%(24/25)、84%(23/25)、68%(17/25)和72%(18/25);多因素分析发现后三者为预测胰腺恶性囊性肿瘤的独立危险因素.9例病人行穿刺细胞学及囊内容物检查淀粉酶及CEA/CA19-9,其中3例明确恶性诊断.33例行术中冰冻病理,其中1例胰腺导管内乳头状黏液性癌切缘阳性改行全胰切除术.结论 综合评估术前无创检查资料,多能判断胰腺囊性肿瘤的良恶性进而指导临床治疗,术前穿刺活检适于良性可能性大并拟随诊观察者;术中行切缘病理检查可指导手术切除范围.

Evaluation of predictive factors for malignancy in cystic neoplasms of pancreas

Objective To determine the value of preoperative clinical, biochemical, cross-sec-tional imaging features and results of fine-needle aspiration for predicting malignancy in cystic neo-plasms of the pancreas (CNP). Methods The medical records of 69 patients receiving operations for CNP between 1994 and 2008 in our hospital were reviewed retrospectively. The predictive effect of va-rious preoperative factors such as sex, location, clinical manifestation, maximum diameters, tumor marker, pancreatic duct obstruction and calcification on the malignant potential of CNP was evaluated by Single and multi-factor analysis, fine needle aspiration (FNA) and intraoperative frozen-section ex-amination of the pancreatic transection margin was investigated. Results All the 69 patients were con-firmed pathologically. Of the 69 patients, 13 suffered from serous cystic neoplasms, 30 from mucinous cystic neoplasms,7 from intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms,12 from solid pseudopapillary neo-plasms and 7 from cystic neoplasms. Forty-four lesions were diagnosed as malignant or borderline.Univariate analysis should that jaundice, raised CEA and/or CA19-9, maximum diameters and solid component of cystic neoplasmshad were of statistical significance for the risk of malignancy in CNP.The sensitivity was 34.1% (15/44), 47.7 % (21/44), 88.6%(39/44),72.7%(32/44) and specificity 96% (24/25), 84% (23/25), 68% (17/25),72% (18/25), respectively. The last three were identified as independent predictive factors for malignancy by multivariate analysis. Three cases were accurately diagnosed out of the 9 undergoing FNA preoperatively. One of 7 patients with intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (IPMN) undenwent total pancreatetomy for transection margin positivity.Conclusion Most malignant CNP can be accurately diagnosed preoperatively from a typical clinical,biochemical and cross-sectional imaging picture. FNA is only used in the patients who are potential candidates for nonoperative management. Margin analysis is necessary for pancreatic resection.