重庆市涪陵区儿童少年风疹抗体监测分析

目的 了解重庆市涪陵区儿童少年风疹抗体水平情况,为制定风疹疫情防控措施提供数据支持。 方法 采用整群随机抽样法对该区2~15岁儿童少年采集全血样品,采用酶联免疫法(ELISA)检测风疹IgG抗体。 结果 共检测3 230人,风疹抗体阳性为2 867人,阳性率为88.76%,其中东南西北中5个监测点分别为94.63%、89.47%、77.95%、93.77%、88.11%,不同监测点间风疹阳性率差异有统计学意义(χ²=114.048,P<0.05);城区、乡镇为90.91%、87.32%,两者间比较差异有统计学意义(χ²=10.032,P<0.05);2～5岁、6～10岁、11～15岁分别为91.25%、87.74%、87.38%,不同年龄层间风疹阳性率差异有统计学意义(χ²=9.712,P<0.05);男性、女性为89.21%、88.29%,不同性别间风疹阳性率差异无统计学意义(χ²=0.686,P>0.05)。 结论 重庆市涪陵区儿童少年含风疹病毒成分疫苗接种成功或体内风疹病毒IgG抗体量高于最低保护滴度达到88.76%,该区儿童少年保持较高的风疹抗体水平,但仍应该加强儿童少年的查漏补种工作,推广儿童少年含风疹病毒成分疫苗的常规免疫接种;同时应进一步提高乡镇预防接种率,以提高较薄弱地区风疹抗体免疫水平。

Surveillance on rubella antibody levels in children andadolescents in Fuling District,Chongqing Municipality

Objective To investigate rubella antibody levels of children and teenagers in Fuling District, Chongqing Municipality so as to provide data support for formulating rubella prevention and control measures. Methods Cluster random sampling method was used to select children and teenagers aged between 2 and 15 years in Fuling District, Chongqing Municipality. Whole blood samples were collected, and ELISA was employed to detect rubella IgG antibody. Result A total of 3,230 blood samples were detected, and 2,867 were positive for rubella IgG antibody, with the positive rate of 88.76%. The positive rates of rubella IgG antibody in 5 monitoring sites with different azimuths (including east, west, north, south and central areas) were 94.63%, 89.47%, 77.95%, 93.77% and 88.11% respectively. There were statistically significant differences in the positive rate of rubella IgG antibody among different monitoring sites (χ²=114.048, P<0.05) as well as between unban areas and townships (90.91% vs. 87.32%; χ²=10.032, P<0.05). The positive rates of rubella IgG antibody in children aged 2-5 years and 6-10 years and children/teenagers aged 11-15 years were 91.25%, 87.74% and 87.38% respectively, with statistically significant differences (χ²=9.712, P<0.05). The positive rates of rubella IgG antibody in males and females were 89.21% and 88.29% respectively, but no statistically significant difference was found between two genders (χ²=0.686, P>0.05). Conclusions Children and teenagers with successful vaccination of rubella virus vaccine or rubella virus IgG antibody level higher than the minimum protection titer in Fooling District, Chongqing Municipality account for 88.76%, which indicates that they maintain a high level of rubella antibody. But it is still necessary to intensify the supplementary immunization, promote the routine immunization of rubella virus vaccine and simultaneously further improve the immunization coverage rate of villages and towns.