煤矿复垦区不同恢复年限沙棘人工林土壤细菌群落结构与功能预测

为揭示煤矿复垦区恢复年限对沙棘人工林土壤细菌群落结构及功能特征的影响，以鄂尔多斯聚鑫龙煤矿复垦区不同恢复年限（3a、4a、5a、6a、7a）沙棘人工林为研究对象，撂荒草地为对照，对研究区土样进行采集，通过Illumina Miseq高通量测序技术对土样细菌群落测序，使用PICRUSt进行功能预测。结果表明：（1）研究区共检测到细菌29门、91纲、193目、305科和438属，门分类水平上优势类群为放线菌门、变形菌门；属分类水平上无优势类群，常见类群为不动杆菌属、类诺卡氏菌属。（2）与草地相比，沙棘人工林的建植使土壤有机质、碱解氮、速效钾、含水量呈增加趋势，土壤pH和全磷变化不明显。（3）沙棘林土壤中的不动杆菌属、类诺卡氏菌属相对丰度整体高于草地；随着恢复年限的延长，栖热菌属和奇球菌属相对丰度随恢复年限延长逐渐降低，CL500-29 marine group、链霉菌属相对丰度则逐渐增加。土壤pH和速效钾是影响研究区沙棘人工林土壤细菌群落结构的主要影响因子。（4）研究区沙棘林和草地土壤细菌主要包含5个一级功能和35个子功能。细菌代谢功能是最主要的功能，其在沙棘林中的代谢潜力高于草地。沙棘林的建植有利于细菌代谢水平和土壤养分的提高。

Soil Bacterial Community Structure and Functional Prediction of Seabuckthorn Plantation with Different Restoration Years in Coal Mine Reclamation Area

In order to investigate the effect of restoration years on soil bacterial community structure and functional characteristics in seabuckthorn plantation, the study took seabuckthorn plantation (3a, 4a, 5a, 6a, 7a) as the study object, felled grassland as control, collected soil samples from the study area, and sequenced soil bacterial communities using Illumina Miseq high-throughput sequencing technology and PICRUSt.The results showed that 29 Families, 91 Classes, 193 Orders, 305 Families and 438 Genera of bacteria were detected in the study area. The dominant groups were Actinobacteria and Proteobacteria at the phylum level. There were no dominant groups at the genus level, and the common groups were Acinetobacter and Nocardioides. (2) Compared with grassland, the planting of seabuckthorn plantation increased soil organic matter, Alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen, available potassium and water content,and the soil pH and total phosphorus did not change significantly. (3) The relative abundance of Acinetobacter and Nocardioides in the soil of seabuckthorn forest was higher than that of grassland. With the increase of recovery years, the relative abundance of the Thermus and Deinococcus decreased gradually with the increase of recovery years, while CL500-29 marine group and Streptomyces increased gradually. Soil pH and available potassium were the main influencing factors of soil bacterial community structure in seabuckthorn plantation in the study area. (4) Bacteria in seabuckthorn forests and grassland soils in the study area consist mainly of five first-order functions and 35 sub-functions. Bacterial metabolism is the most important function, and its activity in seabuckthorn forest is higher than in grassland. The establishment of seabuckthorn forest is beneficial to the improvement of bacterial metabolism and soil nutrients.