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Blue Light Induces Impaired Autophagy through Nucleotide-Binding Oligomerization Domain 2 Activation on the Mouse Ocular Surface
Authors:Ying Li  Rujun Jin  Lan Li  Ji Suk Choi  Jonghwa Kim  Hyeon Jeong Yoon  Jong Hwan Park  Kyung Chul Yoon
Affiliation:1.Department of Ophthalmology, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hospital, Gwangju 61469, Korea; (Y.L.); (R.J.); (L.L.); (J.S.C.); (J.K.); (H.J.Y.);2.Department of Biomedical Sciences and Centers for Creative Biomedical Scientists, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61469, Korea;3.Laboratory of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 Plus Project Team, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 77, Korea;
Abstract:In this study, we investigated the effects of blue light exposure on nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain 2 (NOD2) expression on the mouse ocular surface and evaluated the role of NOD2 activation in light-induced cell death. Mice were divided into wild-type (WT), NOD2-knock out (KO), WT + blue light (WT + BL), and NOD2-KO + blue light (NOD2-KO + BL) groups, and the mice in the WT+BL and NOD2-KO + BL groups were exposed to blue light for 10 days. After 10 days of blue light exposure, increased reactive oxygen species and malondialdehyde were observed in the WT + BL and NOD2-KO + BL groups, and the WT + BL group showed a higher expression of NOD2 and autophagy related 16 like 1. Although both WT+BL and NOD2-KO + BL groups showed an increase in the expression of light chain 3-II, NOD2-KO + BL mice had a significantly lower p62 expression than WT + BL mice. In addition, NOD2-KO+BL mice had significantly lower corneal epithelial damage and apoptosis than WT + BL mice. In conclusion, blue light exposure can induce impaired autophagy by activation of NOD2 on the ocular surface. In addition, the reactive oxygen species (ROS)–NOD2–autophagy related 16 like 1 (ATG16L) signaling pathway may be involved in the blue-light-induced autophagy responses, resulting in corneal epithelial apoptosis.
Keywords:blue light  nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain 2  autophagy related 16 like 1  autophagy  apoptosis
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