水动力条件对藻类生理生态学影响的研究进展

湖泊和水库等水体富营养化通常会引起藻类水华暴发. 已有较多研究总结了光照、温度、营养盐等环境因素对藻类水华发生的影响方面的进展，但缺乏对水动力因素影响藻类生理生态学乃至水华发生等方面的研究总结. 本文通过梳理水动力条件对藻类生长、种群结构的影响及其作用机制，以及临界流速和人工混合对藻类的影响等方面的研究发现:在藻类生理学方面，水动力条件主要影响藻类的生长、细胞形态、营养盐吸收、光合作用活性和酶活性的变化；在藻类生态学方面，不同藻类对应的临界流速有所差异，水动力条件的变化会导致优势种之间的转变；人工混合使局部水体藻细胞密度降低进而改善水质. 对今后的研究热点进行展望:后续仍需进一步研究水动力条件对藻类生理的影响，不仅是酶活性和相关物质的吸收，还应包含胶被、产毒特性和基因序列等方面；应用于实际湖库的临界流速、水体扰动方式、扰动时间、扰动频率和最佳深度的探究，旨在推进藻类水华控制、保障水质安全等方面的相关研究. 

Research Progress on Influence of Hydrodynamic Conditions on Algal Physiology and Ecology

Eutrophication can cause algal blooms in water bodies such as lakes and reservoirs. Many studies have demonstrated the research progress on the influence of environmental factors such as light, temperature, and nutrients on the occurrence of algal blooms, but the research summary of the influence of hydrodynamic factors on algal physiology, ecology and even water bloom generation is relatively low. This paper systematically summarizes the effects of hydrodynamic conditions on the growth and community structure of algae and its mechanism of action, as well as the effects of critical flow velocity and artificial mixing on the algae. In terms of algal physiology, hydrodynamic conditions mainly affect the growth of algae, cell morphology, nutrient absorption, photosynthetic activity and enzyme activity changes. In the aspect of algal ecology, different algae have different critical flow velocity, and changes in hydrodynamic conditions will lead to the variation of the dominant species. Artificial mixing reduces the algal cell density in local water bodies and improves the water quality. The future research hotspots is proposed in this article. The research on the influence of hydrodynamic conditions on the physiology of algae is still needed, including not only enzyme activity and the absorption of related substances, but also surface coat, toxin-producing characteristics and gene sequences. The critical flow velocity, water disturbance mode, disturbance time, disturbance frequency and optimal depth applied to lakes and reservoirs are explored, aiming to promote algae bloom control and ensure water quality safety.