基于文献计量分析的近40年国内外环境影响评价研究进展

环境影响评价自引入我国以来，经过40多年发展，已形成一套具有我国国情特点的成熟制度框架体系. 为探究过去40年我国环境影响评价研究的发展与演变特征，以1980—2020年科睿唯安(Web of Science)和中国知网收录文献作为研究对象，运用CitesSpace文献分析工具，绘制环境影响评价领域知识图谱，对比分析国内外环境影响评价的研究力量、时空演变特征等信息，重点分析得出我国环境影响评价领域研究热点；结合聚类分析实证结果，从研究方向、指导理念、制度完善、技术体系四个方面总结了我国环境影响评价领域的演变特征和重点领域发展趋势，并提出新时期环境影响评价的展望与设想. 值得注意的是，相较于国际学术界对环境影响评价研究热度持续上升，我国对环境影响评价研究的关注度正在下降，学术影响力不够、学科交叉研究不足，一定程度制约了环境影响评价制度的纠错能力与创新能力的提升. 为切实提高环境影响评价协同推进高质量发展和高水平保护的能力，一方面需进一步发挥制度优势，对标国际先进技术，加强环境影响评价与公共管理等其他学科的交叉融合研究，完善经济、技术政策环境评价顶层设计，加强生物多样性、气候变化等全球性问题在环境影响评价中的融合研究；另一方面，应推动我国环境影响评价实践经验走向国际学术界，提升环境影响评价国际学术话语权，不断创新形成具有“中国特色、世界一流”的环境影响评价体系. 

Environmental Impact Assessment Research in Domestic and Foreign Literature in Past Four Decades Based on Scientometric Reviews

Environmental impact assessment (EIA) has become an institutional framework that aligned well with China's national conditions since its introduction into China for more than 40 years. Based on the literatures in the Web of Science (WoS) and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) databases from 1980 to 2020, this study investigated the development and trends of EIA-related studies in the past 40 years in China and abroad by using the CiteSpace approach. Specifically, the research skills and capacity, spatial and temporal distribution characteristics were compared, and the hot topics were summarized as well. Based on the empirical findings of cluster analysis, the evolutionary characteristics of key fields of EIA in China were clarified from four aspects, including direction, guidance, institutional and technical systems. The development trend of EIA was briefly put forward. It is noted that, compared with the increasing attentions on the EIA study in the international academic community, the focus in this area in China declined. The lack of academic influence and interdisciplinary research restricted the self-reform and innovation ability of EIA. In order to effectively improve China's EIA studies and practices for supporting high-quality economic development and high-level environmental protection, it is essential to learn from international advanced technologies and take the advantages of the institutional superiority of EIA. It is also necessary to strengthen the interdisciplinary research of EIA and other disciplines such as public management. Integration of global issues such as biodiversity and climate change, and the overall design of economic and technological policy environmental assessment into EIA should be improved. Meanwhile, more actions should be taken to introduce China's EIA practice to the international academic community, which will help enhance the academic influence of EIA, and then create a ‘world-class EIA system in the Chinese context’.