大鼠体外循环模型研究进展

阐明体外循环(CPB)围手术期病理生理改变机制,探讨各脏器功能保护策略是目前心脏外科面临的重要课题。以往用大动物作为前临床实验模型,前临床的实验研究一般都建立在大动物平台之上,费用昂贵,围手术期管理困难,检测指标有限,限制了相关科研的深入开展。建立大鼠CPB模型具有费用低廉、装置简便、检测潜力大等优点,逐步受到国内、外学者的关注,但由于动物较小,在设计装置和手术技术上有一定难度,所以在实际中尚未得到广泛应用。作者对大鼠不同的CPB模型进行综述,比较各自优、缺点,提出更加理想的、接近于临床的模型要求。

Research progress of cardiopulmonary bypass model in the rat

Since Gibbon designed the first heart lung bypass machine in cats in 1937, Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) has improved a great deal and has developed tremendously. But there are still many complications including hematologic, renal, cardiac, neurologic, pulmonary, and gastrointestinal dysfunctions associated with this brilliant technique. Research of the physiological and pathophysiological consequences of CPB has progressed with the aid of a number of investigative techniques and models, both animal and human. Large animal models have been, and remain, extremely valuable for the study of "full-scale" technologies, particularly prior to clinical application. However, the expenses are too large, and the managements of animals are too difficult in the perioprative period. A preclinical model of CPB for small animals is desirable. The main advantage of a rat model is the low costs of animals and equipment, and the convenience of research which does not require a full-scale operating environment, and a large availability of assays. It is very suitable to study the fluid dynamic, inflammatory, and organ system responses in which physiological mechanisms rather than the technology itself are the focus for investigation. Some of these researches has been done, therefore, in a truly clinically relevant model of bypass, one in which the surface area and priming volume of the circuitry, together with the surgical approach to the procedure, are matched with the clinical model, has not been achieved yet. We review the different models of CPB for rats, discuss their characteristics, give suggestions and requirements for a new up-to-date model that could be a useful tool in continued research on the pathophysiology and therapeutic strategies of CPB.