人民公社阶段的农地产权制度变迁及其绩效

研究人民公社阶段的农地产权制度变迁与绩效，是为了分析人民公社制度得以长期维持的原因，以期为新时期农村经济体制改革提供启示与借鉴。文章在相关文献资料的基础上，采用实证描述与规范研究分析方法，探讨人民公社阶段的农地产权制度的演进、特征、变迁的原因、内在缺陷以及制度绩效，研究表明，人民公社阶段农地产权严重残缺、缺少激励机制、组织管理费用高昂，这种制度安排实际上一开始就处于非均衡状态，依靠国家主流的意识形态和超经济强制来维持，致使人民公社阶段农地产权制度效率低下。改革开放后，中国社会政治和意识形态方面的约束放松，获取存在于人民公社制度之外的巨大外部利润，推动了农地产权制度创新。

The Change of People's Commune Agricultural Land Property Right System and the Effects

The purpose of the study of People's Commune agricultural land property right system is to analyze the reasons of the long existence of the system of People's Commune, and to provide inspiration and experience for economic system reform of countryside in the new period. On the basis of relevant documents and literature, by the means of quantitative and standard analysis, the paper discusses the evolution and features of People's Commune agricultural land property system, the reasons for the change , system defects and the effects. The study shows that in the period of People's Commune, the land property right was seriously fragmentary, there was no system for stimulation, and the expense of such management was high. The system was in the state of unbalance at the very beginning of practice, only kept by the main ideology of the country and the enforcement beyond economy, so that the efficiency was low. After the reform and open door policy was adopted, the restriction to politics and ideology of China become loose, acquiring great benefits outside of the People's Commune propelled the innovation of agricultural land property right system.