水稻成熟花药和花粉的结构和组织化学研究

用乙二醇甲基丙烯酸脂(简称GMA)和环氧树脂Epon812包埋的薄切片方法对水稻成熟花药和花粉的结构进行了观察,并对各种结构的性质和细胞中的后含物做了细胞化学的分析.对成熟花药的绒毡层膜及乌氏体的研究采用了分离技术,做了显微和超微观察.证明水稻成熟花药壁和花粉除具一般禾本科植物特征外,还揭示了花药壁表皮上可能有硅质,药壁表皮细胞内含有脂类颗粒,药室内壁具纤维素质的纤维状加厚;发现花粉粒中除了贮存有大量淀粉颗粒外,还含有脂类,成熟花粉中营养核与两个精细胞及两个精细胞间联系紧密;并讨论了薄切片的优越性,绒毡层膜的意义及其上细胞印迹的来源.

STRUCTURAL AND HISTOCHEMICAL STUDIES ON MATURE ANTHER AND POLLEN GRAIN OF RICE (ORYZA SATIVA L.)

A study on the structure of mature anther and pollen grain of rioe is conducted with both GMA and Epon 812 semi-thin sections by using light microscope; meanwhile, the compositions of wall materials and ergastic substance of cells are tested with different histochemical methods. The isolated tapetal membranes are studied by using both light microscope and electron microscope. It is demonstrated that anther wall and pollen wall of rice have the general characteristics of Gramineae. There are silicious grains in the epiderrn cells of anther probably. Lipid grains are found both in epiderm cells of anther and in pollen grains. The endothecium of anther and the intine of pollen are cellulose in nature, the exine of pollen and the wall of Ubisch body are sporopollenin in nature. Close associations between the vegetative nucleus and the two sperms are observed and discussed. The source of the cell - print on tapetal membrane and the advantages of the semi - thin sectioning over the paraffin sectioning are also discussed.