Evaluation and prevention of formation damage in offshore sandstone reservoirs in China

Reduction in water injectivity would be harmful to the waterflood development of offshore sandstone oil reservoirs. In this paper the magnitude of formation damage during water injection was evaluated by analyzing the performance of water injection in the Bohai offshore oilfield, China. Two parameters, permeability reduction and rate of wellhead pressure rise, were proposed to evaluate the formation damage around injection wells. The pressure performance curve could be divided into three stages with different characteristics. Analysis of field data shows that formation damage caused by water injection was severe in some wells in the Bohai offshore oilfield, China. In the laboratory, the content of clay minerals in reservoir rock was analyzed and sensitivity tests （including sensitivity to water, ftow rate, alkali, salt and acid） were also conducted. Experimental results show that the reservoir had a strong to medium sensitivity to water （i.e. clay swelling） and a strong to medium sensitivity to flow rate, which may cause formation damage. For formation damage prevention, three injection schemes of clay stabilizer （CS） were studied, i.e. continuous injection of low concentration CS （CI）, slug injection of high concentration CS （SI）, and slug injection of high concentration CS followed by continuous injection of low concentration CS （SI-CI）. Core flooding experiments show that SI-CI is an effective scheme to prevent formation damage and is recommended for the sandstone oil reservoirs in the Bohai offshore oilfield during water injection.

Evaluation and prevention of formation damage in offshore sandstone reservoirs in China

Reduction in water injectivity would be harmful to the waterflood development of offshore sandstone oil reservoirs.In this paper the magnitude of formation damage during water injection was evaluated by analyzing the performance of water injection in the Bohai offshore oilfield,China.Two parameters,permeability reduction and rate of wellhead pressure rise,were proposed to evaluate the formation damage around injection wells.The pressure performance curve could be divided into three stages with different characteristics.Analysis of field data shows that formation damage caused by water injection was severe in some wells in the Bohai offshore oilfield,China.In the laboratory,the content of clay minerals in reservoir rock was analyzed and sensitivity tests(including sensitivity to water, flow rate,alkali,salt and acid)were also conducted.Experimental results show that the reservoir had a strong to medium sensitivity to water(i.e.clay swelling)and a strong to medium sensitivity to flow rate, which may cause formation damage.For formation damage prevention,three injection schemes of clay stabilizer(CS)were studied,i.e.continuous injection of low concentration CS(CI),slug injection of high concentration CS(SI),and slug injection of high concentration CS followed by continuous injection of low concentration CS(SI-CI).Core flooding experiments show that SI-CI is an effective scheme to prevent formation damage and is recommended for the sandstone oil reservoirs in the Bohai offshore oilfield during water injection.