Simplified method for determining cadmium concentrations in rice foliage and soil by using a biosensor kit with immunochromatography |
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Authors: | Kaoru Abe Yasuhiro Sakurai Akira Okuyama Kazuhiro Sasaki Kei Tawarada |
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Affiliation: | 1. National Institute for Agro‐Environmental Sciences, 3‐1‐3 Kannondai, Tsukuba 305‐8604, Japan;2. EnBioTec Laboratories Co., Ltd, 586‐9 Ushigafuchi, Akatsuka, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305‐0062, Japan;3. Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry, 1646 Abiko, Abiko‐shi, Chiba 270‐1194, Japan;4. Kansai Electric Power Co., 1‐7 Seikacho, Sourakugun, Kyoto 619‐0237, Japan |
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Abstract: | BACKGROUND: The behavior of cadmium in ecosystems needs to be monitored because of the human toxicity of this heavy metal. The need recently arose for a simple and quick on‐site test for trace levels of Cd in food and environmental samples. In response, an immunochromatographic assay kit for detecting Cd was manufactured by Kansai Electric Power Co. of Japan. This kit uses the antigen–antibody complex reaction between the Cd–EDTA complex and an anti‐Cd–EDTA antibody and shows the results in terms of the degree of color developed on a test paper. We previously reported the successful use of this kit to determine Cd concentrations in brown rice. Here, we applied the kit to the determination of Cd concentrations in rice foliage and soil. RESULTS: Cadmium in rice foliage was not extracted successfully by the method used for brown rice. However, it was successfully extracted by 0.1 mol L?1 HCl solution at a rice foliage:HCl ratio of 1:20, and coexisting metals were removed sufficiently by the column treatment. The Cd concentrations determined by immunochromatographic assay were well correlated with the values obtained by acid decomposition and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The 0.1 mol L?1 HCl‐extractable Cd concentration in soil was also determined successfully with the kit. CONCLUSION: Approximate Cd concentrations in rice plants and 0.1 mol L?1 HCl‐extractable Cd concentrations in soil can be monitored easily and quickly by this method at locations where facilities for acid digestion and precision analysis are not available. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry |
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Keywords: | cadmium anti‐Cd– EDTA antibody immunochromatographic assay rice foliage soil HCl‐extractable Cd |
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