1920—2020年杭州西湖两堤三岛植物 景观演变研究

两堤三岛是西湖具有突出代表性的湖山观赏游览格局,其传统植物景观历经百年来的建设,以一种全新的形式重生于当下。以民国时期至今的历史照片为线索,将定点重复摄影引入植物景观的检测和量化,研究西湖两堤三岛植物面貌的演变情况,并探究其演变特征和原因。研究表明,两堤三岛植物景观建设同时受到社会政策、自然演替和文化内驱力的影响,在延续历史特色的基础上逐渐由广度走向深度,不仅绿量得到显著充实,植物配置种类和群落结构也趋于丰富和完善。应保持西湖两堤三岛植物景观的真实与完整,维持传统特色并加强局部节点的景观营造,同时关注植物在生长过程中密度变化对人视角下湖山风貌观赏效果的影响,实现景观的可持续发展。

Study on the Evolution of Plant Landscape of Two Causeways and Three Islands in the West Lake of Hangzhou from 1920 to 2020

: Two causeways and three islands are the most representative landscape of the West Lake. The traditional plant landscape, which has been built for 100 years, is reborn in a new form. Based on the historical photos since the period of the Republic of China, the paper introduces fixed-point repetitive photography into the detection and quantification of plant landscape, studies the plant landscape evolution of the two causeways and three islands on the West Lake, and explores its evolution characteristics and reasons. The research shows that the plant landscape construction of the two causeways and three islands is affected by social policy, natural succession and cultural driving force. On the basis of the continuation of historical characteristics, it gradually moves from breadth to depth, not only achieving the significant enrichment of green amount, but also enriching and improving the plant configuration species and community structure. In order to realize the sustainable development of the landscape, it is proposed to keep the authenticity and integrity of the plant landscape of the two causeways and three islands on the West Lake, maintain the traditional characteristics and strengthen the landscape construction of local nodes, and pay attention to the influence of the density change of the plant on the scenic feature from the perspective of human, to realize the sustainable development of landscape.