面向重建规划的灾后资源环境承载能力应急评价范式

从国家重建规划对资源环境承载能力应急评价的应用需求出发,解析重大灾害事件发生后承载能力应急评价难点,初步构建在灾后资源赋存、环境容量、生态安全以及灾害风险多重约束下,资源环境承载能力应急评价的基本范式与技术流程,并提出未来灾后承载能力评价及研究重点。研究表明：针对评价周期短、涉及内容广、决策风险高、不确定性强、数据基础不足等特点与难点,需从地域功能预估与指标体系、单项要素评价与技术准则、综合集成评价与重建分区、人口容量测算与重建模式4个方面实施灾后应急评价。未来,建议从灾后资源环境承载能力评价关键阈值与参数研究,应急评价辅助支撑体系与规划衔接技术研究,灾后承载能力演化特征与弹性机理研究,青藏高原边缘地带及近邻山区等灾害高风险区的重点研究与超前应对,以及灾后应急评价及重建规划的工作协调与应用推广等方面,进一步深化灾后资源环境承载能力研究,提升未来应急评价快速化、规范化、精准化水平,为增强国家和地方政府灾后系统应对能力提供借鉴。

Paradigm and prospects of emergent evaluation of post-disaster resource and environmental carrying capacity for reconstruction planning

Based on the application requirements of post-disaster resource and environmental carrying capacity evaluation for national reconstruction planning after the occurrence of major natural disasters, the main difficulties of emergent evaluation of post-disaster resource and environmental carrying capacity are analyzed, and the paradigm and technical process of such evaluation are preliminarily established under the multiple constraints of limited supply of resources, limited environmental capacity, protection of ecological security, and reduction of disaster risks. Moreover, the future prospects of post-disaster resource and environmental carrying capacity research and emergent evaluation are put forward. The results show that: In view of the limited time for performing such emergent evaluation, the broad range of factors to be considered in the evaluation, high decision risk, strong uncertainty, insufficient data base, and other challenges, emergent evaluation of carrying capacity should focus on the following four aspects: prediction of regional function and construction of index system, evaluation of individual factors and creation of technical criteria, integrated evaluation and reconstruction zoning, and estimation of population capacity and reconstruction model development. In the future, it is necessary to further deepen post-disaster carrying capacity research and emergent evaluation in the following areas: research on critical thresholds and parameters of emergent evaluation of post-disaster carrying capacity for reconstruction planning, design and research of auxiliary support system and planning convergence technology, research on the evolutionary characteristics and resilience of post-disaster carrying capacity, and research on high risk areas of natural disasters and countermeasures, especially in the periphery and surrounding mountainous areas of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, in order to improve the speed, standardization, and precision of post-disaster emergent evaluation, and provide some references for strengthening the national and local governments' post-disaster response capability.