97名矮身材儿童自我意识现状及影响因素分析

目的 调查某三级甲等医院矮身材儿童的自我意识水平,并探讨其影响因素。方法 采取便利抽样法,2018年9月—2019年5月抽取河南省某三级甲等医院儿科门诊就诊的矮身材儿童作为研究对象。采用一般资料调查问卷、家庭关怀度指数问卷、儿童自我意识量表对其进行调查。采用多元线性回归分析矮身材儿童自我意识水平的影响因素。结果 97名矮身材儿童的自我意识总分为（53.54±6.11）分,家庭关怀度与儿童自我意识总分呈密切正相关（r=0.533,P<0.05）。多元线性回归分析显示,母亲受教育程度、居住地、家庭关怀指数评分是矮身材儿童自我意识的主要影响因素（P<0.05）,共解释总变异的43.5%。结论 矮身材儿童的自我意识处于偏低水平,受到其母亲受教育程度、居住地、家庭关怀度的影响。建议护理人员关注母亲受教育程度低、居住地在乡镇及农村及家庭关怀度得分低的矮身材儿童,通过健康教育讲座、公共网络平台等方式向其父母提供信息支持,使矮身材儿童父母充分认识到身材矮小对儿童产生的身体、心理影响,提高其对治疗的依从性,同时,对矮身材儿童的心理发展给予充分关注,建立正确的教育和引导方法,帮助父母与矮身材儿童建立良好的亲子关系和家庭氛围,从而提高患儿的自我意识水平。

Self-consciousnesss of Children with Short Stature and Its Influence Factor: A 97-case Study

Objective To investigate the self-consciousness of children with short stature in a tertiary grade A hospital, and to explore the influence factors. Methods Totally 97 short stature children in the outpatient department of pediatrics in a tertiary grade A hospital were selected by convenience sampling between September 2018 and May 2019 and investigated by using general information questionnaire, Adaptation Partnership Growth Affection and Resolve（APGAR）, and the Piers-Harris Children's Self-concept Scale(PHCSS). The data were analyzed by multiple linear regression analysis. Results PHCSS score was 53.54±6.11 and APGAR score was positively correlated with CSES score （r=0.533,P<0.05）. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that mother's education background, place of residence and APGAR score were the influence factors of the level of PHCSS(P<0.05), which totally explained 43.5% of the variation of PHCSS. Conclusion There is low level of self-consciousness in short stature children and it is influenced by mother's education background, place of residence and APGAR score. More attention should go to short stature children with a less-educated mother, those living in towns or villages and those with low level of APGAR. Through health education lectures, public network platform, etc. their parents will be fully aware of the influence of short stature on children's physical and mental health and thus to improve their treatment compliance. Meanwhile, great importance should be attached to psychological development of short stature children. Appropriate methods of education and guidance, good parent-child relationship and family atmosphere are conducive to the improvement of short stature children's self-consciousness.