植烟密度对雪茄烟叶碳氮代谢及品质的影响

为探究植烟密度对雪茄烟叶生长过程中碳氮代谢的影响，以德雪1号为试材，研究了19 500株/hm²（T1）、21 000株/hm²（T2）、22 500株/hm²（T3）和24 000株/hm²（T4）4个密度对烟叶碳氮代谢关键酶活性、质体色素、化学成分和感官质量的影响。结果表明，烟叶生长期间，T2、T3处理能提高烟叶淀粉酶（AL）、中性转化酶（NI）和硝酸还原酶（NR）活性以及总糖、淀粉含量；随植烟密度的增加，总氮和类胡萝卜素含量降低，叶绿素含量升高，调制后烟叶总糖、还原糖含量以及糖碱比、氮碱比增加，总氮、烟碱含量降低；T2处理调制后烟叶淀粉、蛋白质含量最低，钾氯比值较高，烟叶化学成分较协调，感官质量较优。因此，四川什邡地区宜采用21 000株/hm²的雪茄烟种植密度，有利于提高烟叶碳氮代谢能力，改善烟叶内在品质，提高烟叶可用性。

Effects of Planting Density on Carbon and Nitrogen Metabolism and Quality of Cigar Leaves

In order to explore the effect of planting density on the carbon and nitrogen metabolism during the growth of cigar leaves, taking Dexue No.1 as test material, the effects of four densities of 19 500 plants/ha (T1), 21 000 plants/ha (T2), 22 500 plants/ha (T3) and 24 000 plants/ha (T4) on key enzyme activities of carbon and nitrogen metabolism, plastid pigments, chemical composition and sensory quality of tobacco leaves were studied. The results showed that T2 and T3 treatments can increase the activities of amylase (AL), neutral invertase (NI), nitrate reductase (NR), and total sugar and starch contents. With the increase of density, the total nitrogen and carotenoid contents decreased and the chlorophyll content increased during the growth of cigar leaves. With the increase of density, the contents of total sugar and reducing sugar, as well as the sugar-nicotine ratio and nitrogen-nicotine ratio increased, but the total nitrogen and nicotine content decreased after air-during. Under the T2 treatment, the contents of starch and protein were the lowest, the potassium-chlorine ratio was higher, the chemical components were suitable and the sensory quality was good. Therefore, the suitable planting density for cigar leaves was determined to be 21 000 plants/ha in Shifang, Sichuan Province, which is conducive to increase the carbon and nitrogen metabolism capacity, improve the quality and availability of cigar leaves.