食品中过敏原及其检测方法的研究进展

近年来食物过敏作为食品安全的热点问题在全球引起了广泛关注。目前食物过敏仍无有效的根治方法,严格避免摄入致敏食品仍是过敏性疾病防治的最有效方式。因此,食品中过敏原的识别鉴定、性质分析及检测方法的研究至关重要。本文针对八大类过敏食物,从分子结构、免疫学特性等方面介绍了常见食物过敏原的研究进展；归纳了现阶段用于食品中过敏原分析的常规检测方法,以及在此基础上发展而来的新兴检测丰富,并比较分析了不同检测技术方法的优缺点。相比于植物源性过敏原,动物源性过敏原的相关研究有待深入,尤其是蛋白家族的确定及空间结构解析等是未来动物源性过敏原研究的重要方向；目前食品中常见过敏原的常规检测方法及新兴检测方法依然存在检测效率和准确性不高、成本昂贵等局限性,建立高效、准确、低成本的过敏原检测方法仍是该研究领域发展的重要趋势。

Research progress of food allergens and its detection methods

Food allergy is a front-burner issue for food safety, which has obtained widespread attention globally in recent years. There is no effective therapeutic method for food allergy, food avoidance is mainly in practice the only way to prevent hypersensitive consumers from ingesting allergens, thus, it is imperative to provide complete information on food allergens and establish accurate allergen detection technology. This work introduced the research progress of food allergens from the aspects of molecular structure and immunological features; furthermore, main detection methods of food allergens and newly developed technologies were summarized, and the advantages, benefits and limitations of each approach are discussed. Compared to plant derived food allergen, information on the special structure, protein families of animal derived allergen are lacking; besides, there is a need for precise, fast and cost-effective methods for the high-throughput screening of food allergen content in food products. The present review summarized the research advance of food allergen and its detection methods, which aims to point out the lay the development direction of food allergen characterization and lay foundation for the establishment of novel detection technology.