有机肥施用对烟草光合特性的影响

为探究烟田施用有机肥对烟草生长特性的影响，笔者以5种不同类型有机肥和常规化肥为处理，测定了烟草叶片光合作用的差异。研究发现：在测量时间点，施用发酵豆饼的烟草叶片净光合速率(Pn)、水分利用效率(WUE)、瞬时光能利用率(SUE)、瞬时羧化速率值(CUE)均高于其它处理，分别为23.97 μmol/(m²·s)、8.5302、0.1354 mol/(m²·s)和0.0145；而施用烟草秸秆处理的多项指标值均低于其它处理，其中净光合速率只有施用化肥处理的80.00%，是施用发酵豆饼处理的72.55%；以畜禽粪便为主要成分的两种复合有机肥、发酵牛粪对烟草气孔导度、水分利用率影响有差异，其它指标差异不显著。可见，不同肥料施用对烟草的光合特性的影响存在明显差异，除烟草秸秆有机肥外，其他有机肥施用均能保证烟草有良好的光合和蒸腾作用，反映出有机肥除了提供肥分外，还可能存在改土效果。该研究对长期连作和大量化肥施用的烟田土壤改良，具有可能的重要意义。

Influence of Organic Fertilizers on Photosynthesis of Tobacco

In order to explore the influence of organic fertilizer application on tobacco growth, treatments of five types of organic fertilizers and one conventional chemical fertilizer were conducted, and the difference of photosynthesis of tobacco was analyzed. The results showed that at the testing time, the net photosynthetic rate (Pn), water use efficiency (WUE), transient light energy utilization efficiency (SUE) and transient carboxylation rate (CUE) of fermented bean cake treatment were higher than that of other treatments, the value of the above indexes was 23.97 μmol/(m²·s), 8.5302, 0.1354 mol/(m²·s) and 0.0145, respectively. However, all the indexes of tobacco straw treatment were lower than that of other treatments, whose Pn was only 80.00% of that of the chemical fertilizer treatment and 72.55% of that of bean cake fertilizer treatment. There were differences of stomatal conductance (Gs) and WUE between the two organic fertilizer treatments of livestock waste and the fermented cow dung, and the difference of other indexes was not significant. In conclusion, there were significantly different influences of fertilizers on tobacco photosynthesis, all the organic fertilizers could keep fine photosynthesis and transpiration except the treatment of tobacco straw. The results implied that organic fertilizers not only provided nutriment, but also had the effect of soil improvement. This study has certain significance to soil improvement in tobacco field with long term continuous cropping and large amount of chemical fertilizer application.