中国优秀游泳运动员肺功能异常相关因素分析

比较不同训练阶段优秀游泳运动员肺功能的差异,探讨相关炎症因子与肺功能改变的关系,并初步研究激发方式对气道反应性的影响。方法:比较2007年第12届世界游泳锦标赛前大强度训练阶段及赛后恢复阶段中国游泳队21名运动员的肺功能水平,并比较肺功能正常与异常组运动员血清IL-4和IL-5浓度,同时对比实验室和游泳池不同激发方式下运动员的气道反应性。结果:(1)大强度训练阶段,阻塞性通气功能障碍8例,小气道功能减弱2例,运动激发试验阳性4例;调整阶段,阻塞性通气功能障碍5例,小气道功能减弱1例,其中FEV1和MEF50%与大强度训练阶段相比显著提高(P=0.034,P=0.033)。(2)肺功能正常运动员血清IL-4与IL-5浓度与异常者比较无显著性差异(P=0.125,P=0.171)。(3)游泳池激发试验阳性人数比实验室激发试验少,两种激发方式下,FEV1下降率最大值存在显著差异(P=0.002)。结论:优秀游泳运动员赛前出现较多肺功能异常及气道反应性增高,可能与大强度训练有关。

Relation of Abnormal Pulmonary Function to the Inflammatory Cytokines in Elite Chinese Swimmers

Objective To investigate the relation of abnormal pulmonary function(PF)and airway hyperreactivityto the inflammatory cytokines in Chinese elite swimmers. Methods The pulmonary function in 21 swimmers fromChinese national team was measured before and after the 12th World Swimming Championships. The swimmers weredivided into group A(with abnormal PF)and group N(with normal PF). The serum IL-4 and IL-5 concentrations ofthe swimmers in two groups were compared. Laboratory and swimming pool exercise challenge tests were used todetect the airway hyperreactivity. Results (1)Eight of the swimmers had obstructive abnormalities in the trainingperiod and 5 in transition period. 2 exhibited abnormal small airway function in the training period and 1 in transitionperiod. FEV1 and MEF50% in transition period were increased significantly as compared with that in training period(P=0.034 and P=0.033, respectively).(2)The concentrations of IL-4 and IL-5 in group A demonstrated no significantdifference from that in group N(P=0.125 and P=0.171, respectively).(3)The number of swimmers with maximal fallof FEV1 after swimming pool challenge test lowered as compared with that after laboratory challenge test (P = 0.002).Conclusions The obstructive abnormalities and abnormal small airway function are related to the high intensitytraining and occur frequently in elite swimmers. There is no relation of abnormal PF and airway hyperreactivity to theinflammatory cytokines in Chinese elite swimmers.