汾河沿岸农田土壤微塑料分布特征及成因解析

考察了汾河沿岸农田土壤中小于1 mm的微塑料分布特征及赋存因素.采用传统密度离心法对农田土壤中微塑料进行分离提取，使用体式显微镜观察了微塑料数量和类别等特征，采用扫描电镜-能谱仪（SEM-EDS）表征微塑料的微观形貌，采用傅里叶变换红外光谱仪（FTIR）对微塑料进行成分鉴定.结果表明汾河沿岸农田土壤中微塑料平均丰度为290.5 n·kg^-1，微塑料包括纤维类、薄膜类、碎片类和发泡类.其中，纤维类微塑料丰度最高，占总量的52.67%，主要成分为聚乙烯.薄膜类和碎片类主要成分为聚丙烯.发泡类成分为聚苯乙烯.汾河沿岸土壤中微塑料丰度整体呈现出下游>中游>上游的趋势.汾河下游段沿岸土壤微塑料丰度高达500.0 n·kg^-1，约是其上游段和中游段微塑料丰度的两倍.随机森林模型分析结果显示，汾河沿岸农田土壤中微塑料的来源与农膜使用量、人口数量、国内生产总值（GDP）和工业生产等密切相关.其中，农用薄膜使用是造成沿河农田土壤中微塑料赋存的最重要影响因素.

Distribution and Sources of Microplastics in Farmland Soil Along the Fenhe River

This study investigated the distribution and sources of microplastics smaller than 1 mm in farmland soil along the Fenhe River. Microplastics in soil samples were separated and extracted using the traditional density centrifugation method. The quantity and type of microplastics were examined with a stereomicroscope. The micro-morphology of plastic particles were observed with a scanning electron microscope-energy dispersive spectrometer. The chemical composition was determined using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The results indicate that the average abundance of microplastics in farmland soil along the Fenhe River is 290.5 n ·kg^-1. These microplastics occur as fibers, films, fragments, and foams. Fiber microplastics are the most abundant, accounting for 52.67% of the total, and are mostly composed of polyethylene. Films and fragments mainly consist of polypropylene whereas the foams consist of polystyrene. Soil samples from different parts of the Fenhe River can be ranked according to the microplastics content in the following order:downstream>midstream>upstream. The abundance of microplastics in soil from the downstream region of the Fenhe River was 500.0 n ·kg^-1, twice that of from the upstream and midstream regions. The results of the random forest model indicate that the sources of microplastics in farmland soil along the Fenhe River are closely related to the amount of agricultural films, population, gross domestic product, and industrial production. Among these factors, the amount of agricultural films is a key factor that influences the occurrence of microplastics in farmland soil along the Fenhe River.