多孔炭材料设计合成及电化学储能应用

多孔炭材料具有导电性好、结构稳定、资源丰富、价格低廉的天然优势，既可直接作为电极材料，构建炭基电化学储能器件，又可与非炭电活性材料复合，起到传输电子、缓冲体积膨胀及调节界面反应的作用，在电化学储能器件中一直发挥着不可或缺的作用。结合本文作者课题组的研究工作，本文总结了多孔炭制备及孔结构和形貌的调控方法，分析了各方法的优缺点；并以超级电容器、锂离子/钠离子电池和锂硫电池为代表，阐述了多孔炭材料在电化学储能领域的作用及应用研究现状，讨论了电化学储能器件对多孔炭材料的结构与性能要求，指出了多孔炭在电化学储能应用中存在的局限性，并对多孔炭在这些储能领域的研究和发展趋势做出展望。

Design and synthesis of porous carbon materials for energy storage

Porous carbon materials have attracted great attention due to their advantages of adjustable pore structure, superior chemical stability and outstanding electron accessibility, which have been made a great research progress in the field of energy storage. Here, combined with the research work of our group, we summarize the synthetic method and method principles of the pore structure design. The research progress of porous carbon with different morphology, such as carbon nanospheres, carbon nanofibers, carbon sheets, monolithic carbon is briefly introduced. Moreover, this article summarizes the application of porous carbon materials in the field of electrochemical energy storage (supercapacitors, lithium ion/sodium ion batteries, lithium-sulfur batteries, etc.) and point out the disadvantages of porous carbon materials for energy storage. Finally, we propose some important aspects for the future development of porous carbon applied for energy storage.