微生物燃料电池在水与废水脱氮方面的研究进展

近年来,使用微生物燃料电池（MFC）处理含氮水与废水受到广泛关注,在脱除水与废水中氮元素污染的同时,回收部分能量,克服了传统含氮废水处理高能耗的缺陷。本文在微生物脱氮技术的基础上,综合国内外相关研究文献,简述了MFC处理含氮水与废水研究的最新进展,系统总结了4种不同形式的脱氮MFC,主要包括反硝化脱氮MFC、硝化脱氮MFC、同步硝化反硝化脱氮MFC以及厌氧氨氧化脱氮MFC,详细介绍了各种脱氮形式MFC的产电和脱氮性能以及适用条件,分析了每种脱氮MFC的脱氮产电机理以及影响因素（包括MFC运行参数、外接电阻、电极材料以及MFC构型等）;最后提出了未来MFC在处理含氮水与废水方面的主要研究方向：开发新型性价比高的电极催化材料及膜材料,优化运行条件,提高产电生物膜的稳定性以及进一步细致探究不同形式的脱氮产电机理等,从而扩大运行规模。

Research progress on removal of nitrogen in water and wastewater by microbial fuel cell

In recent years, the nitrogen removal from water and wastewater with microbial fuel cell (MFC) has received more and more attention because of the nitrogen removal accompanied with the part recovery of energy, which overcomes the defect of high energy consumption in conventional biological nutrient removal. Based on the technology of microbial denitrification and relevant research literatures, this paper reviewed latest research progress and current situation of nitrogen removal with MFC. Four different forms of MFC in nitrogen-containing water and wastewater treatment were summarized, including denitrification-MFC, nitrification-MFC, simultaneous nitrification and denitrification-MFC and anammox-MFC. The performance of power out and nitrogen removal and applicable conditions were described in detail. In addition, the mechanism and influence factors (such as operating conditions, external resistance, electrode materials and configuration of MFC) of nitrogen removal and electricity production were analyzed. At last, it was pointed out the main research direction for nitrogen removal with MFC in the future as follows：developing new cost-effective electrocatalytic electrode materials and membrane materials, optimizing operation conditions and improving the stability of electricity generation biofilms to expand the scale of operation.