嘉兰块茎形成过程中物质变化的研究

嘉兰(Gloriosa superba L.)系百合科草本植物,其块茎含有秋水仙碱。本文研究块茎形成规律及其形成过程中物质变化。研究结果表明:块茎播后,新生的块茎在生长初期和后期生长速度都较慢,中期生长速度最快,也是嘉兰块茎产量形成的主要时期。块茎中营养物质主要是淀粉。新生块茎中淀粉含量,是随着新块茎的生长,其含量逐渐增高。叶片的光合速率和叶面积,从播后逐渐增加,开花前达到高峰,花后又逐渐降低。开花前如能增加光合叶面积,可为后期块茎生长提供较多物质。块茎中秋水仙碱含量是随着块茎的成熟与淀粉含量的渐增而增加,至收获期达到高峰。这一结果表明:收获未充分成熟的块茎,会降低秋水仙碱含量。

A STUDY ON CHANGE OF SUBSTANCE DURING THE TUBERIZATION OF GLORIOSA SUPERBA

Gloriosa superba is a herbaceous plant of Liliaceae, the tuber contains colchicine. In the present paper the tuber formation and change of substance in tuberization are described. The. results are brictly summarized as follows: 1. After sowing of tuber, the growth of tuber was slow in the early and later growing stages, however, growth of tuber was the fast in the intermediate growing stage, it also was main stage of tubetization, 2. The nutrition substance in tuber was mainly starch, the starch content in new tuber increased gradually from sowing to ripeing stage. 3. The photosynthetic rate and leaf area were increased gradually after the sowing of tuber, and before flowerring, they reached maximum and gradually slow down afterwards. 4. The colchicine content in new tuber increased with ripeness of tuber and increasing of starch content, it reached the maximum at ripe stage. The results showed if unripe tuber was harvested, the colchicine content was lower than that of the ripe tuber.