山地冰川演化与冰湖发育相互作用机制北大核心CSCD

冰川-冰湖耦合过程是冰冻圈物质与能量循环的重要组成部分,系统刻画冰川演化与冰湖发育过程的相互作用机制,对于完善冰冻圈科学理论体系和认知冰川作用区变化规律、水循环模式和灾害效应具有重要意义。本文立足山地冰川演化和冰湖发育过程,系统归纳了冰川-冰湖相互作用研究进展,剖析了冰川作用与冰湖发育耦合机制及相关模型的应用,并对现有冰川演化与冰湖发育过程耦合机制研究存在的不足与挑战进行解析和总结。冰川-冰湖耦合过程的深入研究有助于提高数值模拟的可信度与精度,为评估冰川-冰湖耦合过程影响、建立灾害监测预警体系和采取适应性措施提供数据与理论基础。

The interaction mechanisms between mountain glacier evolution and glacial lake development

The coupling process of the glacier and glacial lake is a significant component of the cryosphere material and energy cycle， and it’s crucial for improving the theoretical system of cryosphere science and recognizing the changing pattern of glacierized region， water cycle model， and disaster effect to depict the interaction mechanism between glacier evolution and glacial lake development， systematically. Establishing the mountain glacier evolution and glacial lake development process， this paper systematically summarizes the research advance of the coupling process of the glacier and glacial lake， profiles the coupling mechanism of glaciation and glacial lake development and the application of relevant models， and analyzes and summarizes the shortcomings and challenges of the present research on the coupling mechanism of glacier evolution and glacial lake development.The results suggest that the environmental topographic factors around the glacial lake parent glacier dominate the glaciation process and glacial lake development， and constrain the characteristics of the lake basin. Glacier slope （surface slope， bottom topography） controls glacier dynamics and influences glacial lake differentiation； the surrounding rocks participate in the glaciation process and directly constitute the glacial lake basin； glacier erosion， transport， deposition， and ablation processes shape the landform and material transportation to provide multiple topographic conditions for glacial lake development.The glacial lake basin receives water from all components of the environment， which makes the depressions eventually develop into lakes. The runoff generation and concentration mechanism is closely related to the glacier runoff yield and concentration， where glacier ablation and external water sources enter the glacier hydrological system， and the glacial lake basin converges and collects water from the glacial sink path to form glacial lakes； the bottom of the glacial lake basin and the dam structure formed by different glaciation control the glacial lake storage and discharge mechanism， which determines the glacial lake dynamics and final development form.There are extensive and profound effects of glacial lake evolution on glacier dynamics. Glacial lake hydrodynamics control glacier ice flow， as manifested by the transient acceleration of ice flow under the impact of drainage events， regulation of basal friction， and migration of grounding lines； glacial lakes act on surface albedo， intra-ice heat transfer， and ice melting point to control mass balance and influence glacier thermal ablation mechanisms. The ablation of the submerged part of the ice body of the incoming glacier is also influenced by a combination of elements such as topographic radiation， buoyancy， geometry， and heat exchange in the glacial lake and its surrounding landscapes； changes in terminal morphological features caused by rapid glacial lake drainage processes， glacial lake outbursts， and water pressure differences at the ice-water interface may trigger glacial terminal disintegration.The improvement of glacier-glacial lake interaction mechanism provides support for integrated numerical simulation and promotes model performance optimization and application. The simulation of coupled glacier-glacial lake process in the background of continuous improvement of mathematical foundation and development of hardware performance gradually changes and develops from empirical model and first-order approximation model to higher-order dynamics model， and gradually takes the parameters of debris coverage， intra-ice runoff， and grounding line into consideration， and the method is gradually integrated and complicated.In summary， the glacial lake development process under glaciation is the comprehensive effect of various elements. Relatively significant progress has been made in recent years in glacier-glacial lake coupling mechanism research and numerical simulation， from single， qualitative research to higher-order， quantitative research， and the methods are gradually integrated and complicated. However， the theoretical system of glacier-glacier-lake-hazard is still not well developed， and the numerical simulations still do not reflect all components integratingly. Exploring the knowledge of the mechanism of the glacier-glacier lake coupling process will build the theoretical support for the improvement of numerical simulation and the enhancement of model accuracy and credibility， which will contribute to the enhancement of the credibility and accuracy of numerical simulation and to the provision of data and theoretical basis for assessing the impact of glacier-glacier-lake coupling process， establishing disaster monitoring and early warning system and taking adaptive measures.