Analysis of global and local population stratification of finless porpoises <Emphasis Type="Italic">Neophocaena phocaenoides</Emphasis> in Chinese waters |
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Authors: | Xiang Li Yingying Liu Athanasia C Tzika Qian Zhu Karine Van Doninck Michel C Milinkovitch |
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Affiliation: | 1.URBE-Laboratory of Evolutionary Genetics and Ecology (LEGE), Department of Biology,University of Namur (FUNDP),Namur,Belgium;2.Ocean College, Shandong University at Weihai,Weihai,People’s Republic of China;3.Department of Genetics and Evolution,Laboratory of Artificial and Natural Evolution (LANE), Sciences III,Geneva 4,Switzerland;4.Evolutionary Biology and Ecology,Université Libre de Bruxelles,Brussels,Belgium;5.Third Institute of Oceanography,State Oceanic Administration,Xiamen,People’s Republic of China |
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Abstract: | The existence of three distinct populations is widely accepted for the finless porpoise (Neophocaena phocaenoides) in Chinese waters: the Yellow Sea, Yangtze River, and South China Sea populations. Here, we use nine species-specific microsatellite
loci, the complete mitochondrial DNA control region (912 bp), and the complete mitochondrial cytochrome b gene (1,140 bp)
to further investigate potential population stratification in the Yellow Sea using 147 finless porpoise samples from the Bohai
Sea and adjacent northern Yellow Sea, two regions that were largely underrepresented in previous genetic studies. Our F-statistics analyses confirm the previously described three populations, but further demonstrate significant genetic differentiation
between the Bohai + northern Yellow] Sea and the southern Yellow Sea. On the other hand, median-joining network analyses
do not exhibit well-differentiated haplotype groups among different geographic populations, suggesting the existence of shared
ancestral haplotypes. Levels of microsatellite diversity are moderate to high (mean H
E = 0.794) among the 147 Bohai + northern Yellow] Sea finless porpoises and no recent bottleneck was detected, whereas mtDNA
control region and cytochrome b gene diversity is low to moderate. The microsatellite genotypic and mtDNA haplotypic data
also confirm the presence of mother-calf pairs in single-net bycatch cases. The results presented here highlight the necessity
to treat the Bohai + northern Yellow] Sea population (highly impacted by anthropogenic threats) as a separate Management
Unit. |
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