中国地方鸭品种资源的分子遗传多样性

通过筛选的28个多态性较好的微卫星标记，检测了我国24个地方鸭品种的遗传多样性。利用等位基因频率计算了各群体的遗传参数和群体间的遗传距离，采用邻接法构建了聚类图，并进行了系统发生分析。结果表明：28个微卫星座位在我国家鸭群体中的多态信息含量除APL23和APL79为中度多态外，其他座位均为高度多态座位，可以作为有效的遗传标记用于鸭种之间遗传多样性分析和系统发生关系的分析；我国所有家鸭群体平均杂合度（0．569）低于国内的家鸡和家鹅，其遗传多样性相对贫乏；聚类结果分析表明了各家鸭品种的分子系统发生关系与其育成史、分化及地理分布比较一致。

Study on Molecular Genetic Diversity of Native Duck Breeds in China

Twenty four Chinese native duck breeds were studied to estimate genetic diversity and genetic structure using microsatellite markers.The genetic relationships between breeds were analyzed in combination with their geographic distribution.A total of 28 microsatellite markers were amplified.All breeds exhibited genetic diversity,through the estimation of polymorphic information content(PIC) and mean heterozygosity)H) index.The mean genetic diversity of the populations was 0.569,while the PIC values for Chinese native duck breeds showed a relatively high level,except APL23 and APL79 were similar(0.414) and of medium polymorphic.The Neighbor-joining was used to calculate the genetic distances.Cluster analysis divided the twenty-four populations into five groups,and the genetic relationships among the populations had obvious association with their phylogenetic relationship with the historical relations and geographical distribution.The development history of native duck breeds in China seemed to have an effect on their genetic structure.