试飞测试中摄像机标定方法研究

随着数码相机技术和摄影测量技术的发展，越来越多的数字摄像机应用于试飞测试中，而摄像机标定是其成功应用于飞行试验的关键之一。为了突破试飞测试中现有的仅以点特征作为控制，充分利用现有设备条件，更好地解决加装在飞机上的摄像机在飞行过程中的实时标定问题，采取内标定与实时外标定两步实现摄像机标定的方法。着重探讨了一种基于平行直线的摄像机内标定方法，详细论述了基于灭点约束和直线几何约束的摄像机标定解算模型，该方法在无控制点的情况下可得到每个摄像机的内方位元素、各项畸变改正系数和外方位角元素；并简要介绍了基于单片后方交会的实时外标定方法。实际数据的试验结果表明，该方法切实可行，能够获得精确、稳定的参数结果，有效减少了摄像机标定过程中所需布设的控制点数，从而提高了试飞测试中精确测量导弹运动轨迹、机翼变形测量等工作的可实施性。

Research on Camera Calibration in Flight Test

With the technology development of digital camera and photogrammetry,more and more digital cameras have been used in flight test,which rely on the successful application of the camera calibration.In order to be different from the methods which only based on point features,take full advantage of existing conditions and better solve the installed on the plane real-time calibration of cameras during flight,an approach combining indoor-calibration with real-time field calibration is taken to achieve the cameras calibration.It focuses on an indoor-calibration of cameras based on parallel lines,a model of camera calibration based on the vanishing point constraint and linear geometric constraint is discussed in detail,the method is a solution of obtaining inner orientation elements,exterior orientation elements and distortion parameters for each camera without any control point.And the method spatial resection based on single photo for real-time field calibration of cameras is briefly described.The actual data results show that the method is feasible to obtain accurate and stable parameter results,effectively reduce the necessary control points in camera calibration process,thereby the enforceability of accurately measuring in the trajectory of missile and wing deformation in flight tests,etc.is improved.