基于最小炮检距道快速检测炮点偏移方法

地震采集数据的质量是后续处理、解释的基础和保障，其影响因素较多，其中炮点位置偏移是重要一项。在地震数据现场采集过程中，由于地形及人员疏忽等原因，易导致炮点实际施工位置偏离当初设计，对后续动校正、同相叠加等产生不利影响，甚至造成连续产生废炮等现场施工事故。通过深入探讨最小炮检距道性质，提出一种实时检测炮点位置偏移及校正方法，通过对比由理论初至确定的与由实际初至、道集能量确定的最小炮检距道的一致性，快速检测、判定炮点位置是否偏移，并根据计算的偏移量，自动进行校正。实际应用结果表明，该方法能自动、快速监控炮点偏移，完全满足现今高效地震采集条件下现场实时监控采集质量的需求。

A method of fast detecting shotpoint deviation based on the nearest offset trace

During the seismic acquisition,it is easy to lead to the shotpoint deviation due to rough terrain,staff negligence,and other reasons,which has an adverse impact on the accuracy of normal moveout corrections and stacking data,even causes continuously bad shot records.Based on the property of the nearest-offset trace(shortest first break time and highest energy),we propose a method for fast detection and correction of shotpoint deviation.In order to improve the efficiency and accuracy,only the seismic information of the nearest-offset trace is used.First,the nearest-offset trace is determined by the theory first break time and the real first break time,and the highest-energy trace is found.If they are the same trace,the shotpoint is normal,otherwise,the shotpoint is deviated.Finally the shotpoint deviation is automatically corrected with the calculated deviation.Field applications show that the proposed method can quickly detect shotpoint deviation and automatically correct it,which fully meets the requirement of real-time QC during the high-productivity seismic acquisition.