国内外LNG罐区燃爆事故分析及防控措施建议

由于中国LNG工业起步较晚，需多方面借鉴国外先进经验，其中安全生产是重中之重。为此，通过对国内外1944年以来LNG罐区燃爆事故的统计分析，得出导致事故发生的人的原因占33%，物的原因占53%，环境原因占14%；结合事故发展机理及事故后果分析，得出LNG罐区主要燃爆事故模式有：闪火、喷射火、池火灾、蒸气云爆炸、沸腾液体扩展蒸气爆炸。根据这些模式以及过往事故原因，建立了LNG罐区燃爆事故树，对火源、LNG泄漏、储罐超压物理爆炸3条关键路径进行了详细分析。结果表明，导致顶事件发生的重要原因和关键节点为：明火、电火花、材料腐蚀老化、附件连接处泄漏、日常误操作、未及时检修等。最后基于事故树分析结果，从罐区周边布置、电气设备安装、生产作业操作、日常维护等方面提出了控制措施及建议，以达到预防减少LNG罐区燃爆事故发生的目的。

An analysis of foreign and domestic explosion accidents in LNG tank fields and proposals for preventing measures

LNG industry started late in China and needs more advanced experience from abroad in many aspects, among which safety is the most important one. In view of this, a statistical analysis was made of the explosion accidents occurring in LNG tank fields at home and abroad since 1994. In general, the human factor accounts for 33%, objective reason 53%, and environmental aspect 14%. In combination with the analysis of accident development mechanism and the post accident consequence, it was concluded that the main explosion types include flash, jet fire, pool fire, vapor cloud explosion, and vapor explosion from the expansion of boiling liquid. On this basis, an accident tree was built for explosions in LNG tank fields, and a thorough discussion was made of three critical routes including ignition source, LNG leakage, and physical explosion due to overpressure in storage tanks. In conclusion, the main cause events are open flames, electrical sparks, material corrosion and aging, junction leakage of attachments, operational errors, untimely maintenance, etc.; according to the analysis results of the accident tree, the positive controlling measures are suggested in the aspects of peripheral location of tank fields, installation of electrical equipment, routine operation and maintenance, and so on, thereby to prevent the explosion accidents in LNG tank fields.