建材市场污染状况及对从业人员健康影响的研究

目的:了解建材市场的主要污染物及其污染水平;研究低浓度甲醛、苯系物暴露对从业人员的健康影响。方法:采用调查问卷了解调查对象的一般情况;AHMT分光光度法及热解吸-气相色谱法分析现场的甲醛及苯系物浓度;应用临床检测的标准方法测定血常规;聚合酶链式反应(PCR)方法检测研究对象的GSTT1基因型。结果:研究组现场的主要污染物为甲醛、苯、甲苯、二甲苯,4种主要的污染物均未超过国家标准,苯浓度在研究组和对照组现场之间无显著性差异,甲醛、甲苯、二甲苯浓度在两个现场之间具有显著性差异;研究组的白细胞计数、中性粒细胞绝对值、中间细胞绝对值分别为6.41、3.74、0.38 G/L,对照组分别为7.53、4.44、0.43 G/L,三者均为研究组小于对照组,但都在正常值范围内,其余血常规指标在两组之间无显著性差异;研究组按照GSTT1基因型分层,GSTT1基因缺失型的白细胞及中性粒细胞值为7.19、4.21 G/L,GSTT1基因非缺失型二者的值分别为6.14、3.15 G/L,GSTT1基因缺失型大于非缺失型,但其均数在正常值范围内。结论:建材市场的主要污染物为甲醛、苯、甲苯、二甲苯,受温度及湿度的影响,冬季污染物的释放量减少,使板材市场的污染物浓度维持在较低的水平。低浓度甲醛、苯系物暴露时,与对照组相比,机体的血常规观察到了变化,且GSTT1基因型对血常规的变化有影响。

Study on air pollution and health effect of working people in decorating material markets

Objective:To investigate the air pollution of decorating material markets to study the health effect of working people exposure to low concentration of formaldehyde and benzene homologues in that place.Methods:To investigate basic information by questionnaire,to measure the concentration of formaldehyde and benzene homologues by spectrophotometric method and thermal desorption/Gas Chromatography,to measure the blood routine examination by standard practices,to distinguish the GSTT1 by PCR.Results:The results showed the major pollutants were formaldehyde,benzene,toluene and xylene.The concentrations of all pollutants were below the limits of Indoor Air Quality Standard.There were significant differences in pollutant concentrations except benzene between the decorating material markets and the general markets.WBC,NEUT,MXD were 6.41,3.74,0.38 G/L respectively in the study group,and 7.53,4.44,0.43 G/L respectively in the control group.The three values in the study group were all lower than those of the control group.The means of WBC,NEUT,MXD were all in the normal ranges.According to GSTT1 genotype divided the study group to two subgroups,the values of the WBC,NEUT were 7.19,4.21 G/L respectively in GSTT1 null genotype,those were 6.14,3.15 G/L respectively in GSTT1 wild-type,the mean values of white blood cell count and neutrophilic granulocyte were in the normal ranges.Conclusion:The major pollutants are formaldehyde,benzene,toluene and xylene in decorating markets.The concentration of pollutants is low due to the low temperature and humidity in winter.But blood routine examination changes upon exposure to low concentration pollutant.GSTT1 genotype plays an important role in this kind of change.