黔东南州白云岩喀斯特区植物群落演化特征

该研究采用时空互代法、连续带指数法等,对贵州省黔东南州的白云岩喀斯特区60个具有代表性的典型样地的植物种组组成、以及各演替阶段植物群落高度、密度、生物量、生物多样性指数、均匀度指数、生态优势度指数等进行调查分析,以探讨白云岩喀斯特区植物群落的演化特征,为深入研究白云岩喀斯特区植物群落自然恢复规律奠定基础。结果表明:(1)各种组的优势种组成不同,种组替代规律依次为先锋种、次先锋种、过渡种,最终被顶极种替代的过程。(2)群落的高度、密度、生物量等结构特征随植物群落演替发展呈逐渐增大趋势,变化范围分别为0.58～9.54m、585～3 145株·hm-2、8.45～128.56t·hm-2。(3)植物群落的物种丰富度随演替阶段的发展呈下降趋势,从草本群落阶段到顶极群落阶段物种数由48种降低到10种。(4)随着植物群落演替阶段的发展,生物多样性指数呈先升高后降低的趋势,即由草本群落的3.48升高到草灌群落的4.73,后降到顶极群落的3.46;均匀度指数呈降低趋势,最高为草本群落阶段的0.95,最低为常绿阔叶林阶段的0.78;生态优势度指数逐渐升高,顶极群落达到最大,为0.10。

Evolution Characteristics of Plant Communities in the Karst Area of Dolomites, Southeastern Guizhou Province

By employing the method of using space as a substitute for time and continuum index, we analyzed the plant species composition of sixty representative typical plots and the height, density, biomass, Shannon-winner index, Pielou index and Simpson index of plant communities at the different succession stages in the Dolomite karst area of southeastern Guizhou Province, in order to explore the evolution characteristics of plant communities and get into the foundation for the natural restoration rules of plant communities in the karst area of Dolomite. The results showed that: (1) the dominant species of each group are composed differently, the substitution rules of the group are pioneer species, sub-pioneer species, transition species, and finally replaced by the climax species. (2) The structural characteristics of height, density and biomass of the communities gradually increased with the succession of plant communities, with the range of change being 0.58-9.54 m and 585-3 145 plants·hm^-2 and 8.45-128.56 t·hm^-2, respectively. (3) The species richness of plant communities decreased with the development of succession stages, and the number of species from herbaceous stage to climax stage decreased from 48 species to 10 species. (4) With the development of plant communities succession stages, the shannon winner index increased firstly and then decreased, from 3.48 in herbaceous scrub stage to 4.73, and then decreased to 3.46 in climax stage; The Pielou index showed a decreasing trend, with the highest being 0.95 in herbaceous scrub stage and the lowest being 0.78 in the evergreen and deciduous stage; The Simpson index gradually increased and reached the maximum 0.10 in the climax stage.