云南元谋干热河谷不同生境地表蚂蚁多样性

研究了云南元谋干热河谷明油子-扭黄茅灌草丛(Ⅰ)、牛筋条-黄荆林(Ⅱ)、余甘子-明油子灌木林(Ⅲ)、新银合欢+桉树混交林(Ⅳ)、桉树林(Ⅴ)、新银合欢林(Ⅵ)、多树种混交林(Ⅶ)、印楝林(Ⅷ)、云南松林(Ⅸ)等9种不同生境地表蚂蚁群落的多样性。采集标本29 730头,隶属于5亚科20属46种。各试验地地表蚂蚁群落个体数量46-12 091,物种丰富度4-29,优势度水平0.191-0.778,Shannon-Wiener多样性指数0.597-2.250,均匀度指数0.181-0.791,Jaccard相似性系数0.033-0.697。9种生境地表蚂蚁群落多样性排序为Ⅰ>Ⅲ>Ⅷ>Ⅶ>Ⅸ>Ⅴ>Ⅱ>Ⅳ>Ⅵ。通过聚类分析,9种生境地表蚂蚁群落可分为干热性群落、喜热性群落、偏湿性群落及湿性群落。自然植被类型的蚂蚁群落均以臭蚁亚科占优势。人工植被中的云南松林大头蚁占优势,生态恢复状况良好;其余人工植被的恢复状况尚无法评价。

Diversity of ants on the ground in different habitats in Yuanmou arid-hot valley,Yunnan

Diversities of ant communities on the ground in Dodonaea angustifolia-Heteropogonetea contortus scrub and grass clump(Ⅰ),Dichotomanthus tristaniaecarpa-Vitex negundo forest(Ⅱ),Phyllanthus emblica-Dodonaea angustifolia shrublands(Ⅲ),Leucaena leucocephala+Eucalyptus plantation(Ⅳ),Eucalyptus plantation(Ⅴ),Leucaena leucocephala plantation(Ⅵ),mixed plantation by many species(Ⅶ),Azadirachta indica plantation (Ⅷ),and Pinus yunnanensis plantation(Ⅸ) in Yuanmou arid-hot valley were studied.29 730 individuals were captured which belong to 46 species,20 genera,and 5 subfamilies.In the 9 habitats,the individuals of ant communities on the ground was 46-12 091,the species richness was 4-29,the Simpson index was 0.191-0.778,the Shannon-Wiener index was 0.597-2.250,the Pielou index was 0.181-0.791,and the Jaccard coefficients(q) of ant communities on the ground were 0.033-0.697.The order of species diversity was Ⅰ>Ⅲ>Ⅷ>Ⅶ>Ⅸ>Ⅴ>Ⅱ>Ⅳ>Ⅵ.In the 9 habitats,ant communities were divided into arid-hot ones,the mophilic ones,subhumid ones and humid ones.Dolichoderinae was predominant in the 3 natural vegetations.The genus Pheidole was predominant in the Pinus yunnanensis plantation,indicating the vegetation was well restored.The restoration condition in other plantations cannot be estimated.