云南丽江市自然风景区居民点蚊类多样性研究

为调查和了解云南省丽江市主要自然风景区蚊类多样性状况,应用灯诱法对丽江市虎跳峡、石鼓、黎明、宁蒗、拉市海、文笔海、程海、泸沽湖共8个自然风景区居民点夜间活动的成蚊进行调查取样,分类整理和统计分析. 结果共捕获蚊类 45 346只,发现蚊类2亚科4属28种. 其中, 库蚊属（Genus Culex）14种,按蚊属（Genus Anopheles）7 种,伊蚊属（Genus Aedes）6种,阿蚊属（Genus Armigeres）1种. 三带喙库蚊Culex tritaeniorhynchus为优势种（占83.80%）,中华按蚊Anopheles sinensis为常见种（占8.09%）,其余26种蚊子的数量相对较少（合计占8.12%）. 在8个风景区中,泸沽湖物种多样性（多样性指数1.7863）最高, 其次是虎跳峡（多样性指数1.6178）,而生态优势度和密度均都较低;反之,物种多样性最低为石鼓（多样性指数0.3649）,而其生态优势度指数和密度为最高. 结果表明丽江市自然风景区蚊类的组成较为丰富,三带喙库蚊和中华按蚊是优势种和常见种,优势种三带喙库蚊主导了当地风景区蚊类的生态优势度和物种多样性的变化趋势. 各风景区气候环境条件和周边耕作地类型对蚊类的群落结构、密度和物种多样性具有重要影响.研究认为,保护自然环境,改变周边农耕区耕作和种植类型,提高环境异质性,对抑制蚊类密度、提高蚊类群落和物种多样性具有重要意义.

A Study on Mosquitoes Diversity in Residential Areas in the Scenic Spot of Lijiang City, Yunnan

The adult mosquito populations were investigated by using trap lamps in eight natural scenic spots of Lijiang city, i. e. Hutiaoxia, Shigu, Liming, Ninglang, Lashi lake, Wenbi lake, Chenghai lake and Lugu lake）. The results showed that a total of 45 346 mosquitoes belonging to 28 species, 4 genera and 2 subfamilies were collected from the study areas. The four genera were Armigeres with 1 species, Anopheles with 7 species, Culex with 14 species and Aedes with 6 species, respectively. Among these mosquitoes, Cx. Tritaeniorhynchus was the dominant species （ accounting for 83.80% ） , An. Sinensis, distributed in all sampled sites, took the second place （ accounting for 8.09% ） , and the other 26 species accounted for only 8.11% of total. Of the eight scenic spots, Lugu lake area showed the highest diversity of mosquito species （ Shannon-Wiener index of 1. 7863 ） , followed by Hutiaoxia area （ Shannon-Wiener index of 1. 6178） , however, the ecological dominance index and density were low in the both areas. On the contrary, the lowest diversity of mosquito species existed in Shlgu area （ Shannon-Wiener index of 0. 3649） , but the ecological dominance index and density were the highest. Lijiang city is rich in the species composition of mosquitoes, Cx. Tritaeniorhynchus and An. Sinensis are the dominant species and common species, and the former leads the tendency of the diversity and ecological dominance of mosquitoes in the local natural scenic spot. In addition, the surrounding climate conditions and farming pattern of the scenic area must throw influences on the community structure, density and species diversity of mosquitoes. It is considered to be important to protect the natural environment, change the farming pattern and crops and improve environmental heterogeneity for inhibiting mosquito density and increasing the diversity of mosquito community and species.