中国能源清洁低碳化利用的战略路径

中国的工业化进程已取得举世瞩目的成就,国内生产总值跃居全球第二。与此同时,能源消费总量、碳排放总量及增量等多个指标也连续多年位居全球第一,以煤为主的能源消费结构带来了严重的环境问题。从全球能源演变过程看,能源清洁低碳化利用是发展的大趋势,也是解决气候变暖、生态破坏等重大环境问题的必由之路。为此,系统阐述了中国能源消费的现状及能源清洁低碳化利用的必要性,探讨了推进能源清洁低碳化的措施,并分析了煤炭、石油、天然气、非化石能源等在我国能源中短期清洁低碳化利用战略中的地位。结论认为:(1)我国需要在优化产业结构、控制能源消费总量、改进能源消费结构等多个方面共同努力以推动能源的清洁低碳化;(2)结合我国资源禀赋及消费现状,煤炭的清洁化利用是现实选择,大力发展非化石能源是战略性选择,石油作为动力燃料主力的地位中短期不会动摇,而天然气在我国能源清洁低碳化过程中将发挥重要的桥梁作用。

A strategic path for the goal of clean-and-low-carbon energy in China

China has made remarkable achievements in its industrialization process, and its gross domestic product (GDP) has jumped up to the second place in the world. However, total energy consumption, total carbon emissions and annual emission growth have leaped to the top in the world. Consequently, the coal-dominated energy consumption structure has resulted in many serious environmental problems. The evolution of global energy consumption shows that the goal of clean-and-low-carbon energy is not only the general trend of energy development, but the only way to reduce the risks of climate change and ecological damage. This paper systematically analyzes the current status of energy consumption in China and the necessity for achieving the goal of clean-and-low-carbon energy, and proposes the corresponding practical measures. It also discusses the roles of different types of energy like coal, oil, natural gas and non-fossil fuels in the medium- and short-term planning of clean-and-low-carbon energy. It is concluded that China needs to make joint efforts in such aspects to achieve the goal of clean-and-low-carbon energy as optimizing the industrial structure, controlling the amount of total energy consumption, and improving energy consumption structure. On the other hand, in view of the resource endowments and consumption status in China, the clean-and-low-carbon utilization of coal is a realistic choice; to develop non-fossil energy sources vigorously is a strategic choice; as a dominated source of power fuels, oil will not be wavered in its role in the medium and short term, and natural gas will play an important role as a bridge in the process of achieving the goal of clean-and-low-carbon energy.