Hard and tough carbon nanotube-reinforced zirconia-toughened alumina composites prepared by spark plasma sintering |
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| Authors: | J Echeberria N Rodríguez J Vleugels K Vanmeensel A Reyes-Rojas A Garcia-Reyes C Domínguez-Rios A Aguilar-Elguézabal MH Bocanegra-Bernal |
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| Affiliation: | 1. CEIT and TECNUN (University of Navarra), 20018 San Sebastian, Spain;2. Department of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 44, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium;3. Centro de Investigación en Materiales Avanzados, CIMAV S.C., Laboratorio Nacional de Nanotecnologia, Miguel de Cervantes # 120, Complejo Industrial Chihuahua, Chihuahua 31109, Mexico;4. Interceramic, Departamento de Investigación y Desarrollo, Av. Carlos Pacheco 7200, Chihuahua 31060, Mexico |
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| Abstract: | It is demonstrated that 0.1 wt% of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) or single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) added to zirconia toughened alumina (ZTA) composites is enough to obtain high hardness and fracture toughness at indentation loads of 1, 5, and 10 kg. ZTA composites with 0.01 and 0.1 wt% of MWCNTs or SWCNTs were densified by spark plasma sintering (SPS) at 1520 °C resulting in a higher hardness and comparable fracture toughness to the ZTA matrix material. The observed toughening mechanisms include crack deflection, pullout of CNTs as well as bridged cracks leading to improved fracture toughness without evidence of transformation toughening of the ZrO2 phase. Scanning electron microscopy showed that MWCNTs rupture by a sword-in-sheath mechanism in the tensile direction contributing to an additional increase in fracture toughness. |
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