长江经济带生态系统服务供需格局变化与关联性分析

生态系统服务持续供给是人类社会可持续发展的重要基础。随着社会经济发展和人类生活品质的提高,综合考虑生态系统服务供给与人类需求,并纳入自然资源管理实践对我国生态文明建设至关重要。然而,目前的研究大多集中于生态系统服务供给研究,针对跨区域尺度的生态系统服务供需研究仍较薄弱。以我国跨区域的长江经济带为例,采用生态系统服务供给指数(ESPI)和土地开发指数(LDI),定量测度了生态系统服务的供给和需求,构建了生态系统服务供需指数(ESSDI),分析了长江经济带生态系统服务供需格局的时空变化规律及其区域特征,并利用皮尔逊相关系数和回归分析方法,定量探究了长江经济带生态系统服务供需格局的关联性及其区域差异。研究结果表明:(1)2015年长江经济带的生态系统服务供需格局区域差异明显,总体上呈现西部盈余东部超载的供需格局,其中生态系统服务供需格局状况较好和状况好的区域面积比例较高,占长江经济带总面积的69.45%。(2)长江经济带生态系统服务供需格局空间失衡现象较为突出,长江经济带55.36%的GDP和31.41%的人口均集中在7%生态系统服务供需状况差的区域。2000—2015年期间,长江经济带实施了系列生态保护与修复工程,生态系统服务供需状况趋向变好,生态系统服务供需状况好的县域增加了43个,供需状况差的县域减少了58个;长江经济带上游和中游地区生态系统服务供需状况比下游地区提升幅度大。(3)长江经济带生态系统服务供给和需求整体上呈现负相关。生态系统服务的供需关系存在区域差异。在经济快速增长和土地集约开发的下游地区,生态系统服务供需负相关关系斜率较大。随着ESPI的变化,下游LDI的变化幅度大于欠发达的上游和中游地区。研究结果可为长江经济带生态系统管理和政策制定提供参考。

Change and correlation analysis of the supply-demand pattern of ecosystem services in the Yangtze River Economic Belt

The continuous ecosystem services supply is an important foundation of the sustainable development of human society. With the development of the economy and the improvement in human life quality, a comprehensive consideration of the ecosystem service supply and human demand, and integrating them into natural resource management practices are vitally important to the China''s ecological civilization construction. However, most of the current studies focused on the supply of ecosystem services, and few studies did on the supply and demand of ecosystem services across regional scales. Taking the cross-regional Yangtze River Economic Belt as an example, the ecosystem services provision index (ESPI) and the land development index (LDI) were used to quantify the supply and demand of ecosystem services, and the ecosystem service supply and demand index (ESSDI) was proposed to analyze the spatiotemporal variation patterns and regional characteristics of the ecosystem service supply-demand pattern in the Yangtze River Economic Belt. The Pearson correlation coefficient and regression analysis method were used to quantify and explore the correlation and regional differences in ecosystem service supply-demand patterns in the Yangtze River Economic Belt. The results showed that: (1) there was a significant difference of ecosystem services supply-demand pattern in the Yangtze River Economic Belt in 2015, which was overloaded in the east and surplus in the west. The proportion of areas was the highest where the supply-demand patterns was better or best, accounting for 69.45% of the total area of the Yangtze River Economic Belt. (2) The spatial imbalance of the ecosystem services supply-demand pattern in the Yangtze River Economic Belt was obvious. 55.36% of the GDP and 31.41% of the population were concentrated in 7% of the areas where the ecosystem services supply-demand pattern was bad. A series of ecological protection and restoration projects in the Yangtze River Economic Belt were implemented during 2000-2015, which made the ecosystem services supply-demand pattern become better. The number of counties with a good supply-demand pattern increased by 43, meanwhile, the number of counties with a bad supply-demand pattern decreased by 58. Compared with the lower reaches of the Yangtze River Economic Belt, the supply-demand pattern of ecosystem services in the upper and middle reaches was greatly improved. (3) The supply and demand of ecosystem services in the Yangtze River Economic Belt were negatively correlated. There were regional differences in the supply and demand relationship of ecosystem services. In the lower reaches where there was rapid economic growth and intensive land development, the slope of negative correlation between supply and demand of ecosystem services was larger. With the change of ESPI, the magnitude of variability of LDI was greater in the lower reaches than that in the underdeveloped upper and middle reaches. These results can provide references for ecosystem management and policy formulation in the Yangtze River Economic Belt.