356例老年痴呆患者口腔及牙周状况分析

目的 了解阿尔茨海默病(又称老年痴呆)患者的口腔及牙周状况,并分析其与痴呆严重程度的相关性.方法 采用横断面调查方法,纳入2014年1月至2016年12月于该院口腔科就诊的356例老年痴呆患者,根据简易精神状态评价量表(MMSE)评分将患者分为轻、中、重组.搜集患者一般资料,包括年龄、性别、受教育程度、体质量指数(BMI),以及口腔健康状况指标,包括菌斑指数(PI)、牙龈指数(GI)、探诊出血指数(BOP)、探诊深度(PD)、附着水平(CAL)、缺失牙数(MT)和龋失补指数(DMFT).比较不同严重程度老年痴呆患者各指标水平,并分析各项指标间的相关性.结果 3组年龄、性别、受教育程度、DMFT比较,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).牙周指数(PD、CAL、PI、GI及BOP)与MT随痴呆程度增加而增加(P＜0.05).相关分析显示,PI与年龄、GI、PD、CAL、DMFT呈正相关(r=0.217、0.391、0.189、0.476、0.409,P＜0.05).结论 口腔卫生维护差可致老年痴呆患者牙体破坏,牙周健康缺失严重,且随痴呆程度增加而呈现加重趋势.

A survey on oral and periodontal conditions in 356 Alzheimer's disease patients

Objective To investigate the oral and periodontal health status of patients with Alzheimer's disease,and to analyse their correlations with the severity of the dementia disease.Methods Using cross-sectional survey method,356 patients with Alzheimer's disease in our hospital from January 2014 to December 2016 were enrolled in this study.All patients were divided into the mild group,moderate group and severe group according to the scores of mini-mental status examination (MMSE).Demographic statistics,including age,gender,education history and body mass index (BMI),and oral health indicators data,including plaque index (PI),gingival index (GI),bleeding on probing (BOP),probe depth(PD),clinic attachment level (CAL),missing teeth (MT) and decay missing filled teeth (DMFT),were collected and compared among the three groups.The correlations among these indicators were analysed as well.Results No statistically significant difference was found in age,gender,education level and DMFT among the three groups (P＞0.05).Periodontal indexes (PD,CAL,PI,GI and BOP) and number of MT were increased by the severity of Alzheimer's disease (P＜0.05).The results of correlation analysis showed that PI was positively correlated with age,GI,PD,CAL and DMFT (r=0.217,0.391,0.189,0.476,0.409,P＜0.05).Conclusion Poor oral hygiene could lead to destruction of tooth and bad periodontal health of old patients with dementia,which may be aggravated by the severity of dementia.