厚松散层下开采地表动态移动变形规律实测及预测研究

为了掌握厚松散层覆盖地区地表在采动过程中的动态移动变形情况，以地表移动观测站实测数据为基础，获得厚松散层开采地表动态移动参数在开采过程中的变化规律，以及走向主断面方向上任意时刻、任意点的下沉速度预计公式。结果表明：当工作面推过最大下沉点170 m左右时，该点的下沉速度达到最大值，其值为22.85 mm/d；地表点最大下沉速度值及其滞后距随工作面开采距离的增大而增加，当工作面推进距离达到600 m左右后，两者增加的幅度逐渐减小，并分别达到稳定值22.00 mm/d和150 m，认为此后的采动过程是地表点下沉速度曲线以固定形状与工作面保持一定的滞后距随开采不断向前移动；参考国内松散层下开采案例，通过多元线性回归分析得到地表动态移动变形参数与地质及开采技术参数之间的关系式；最后根据动态移动参数在采动过程中的变化规律，建立了走向断面上任意时刻、任意点的下沉速度预测公式，通过预测值与实测值的对比，认为预测结果能够满足工程实践需要。

Measurement and prediction of the transientsurface movement and deformation induced by mining under thick alluvium

To evaluate the mining-induced surface movement and deformation in the coal field covered with thick alluvium, the parameters used to characterize the surface displacement are determined with the process of mining, and a formulation for calculating the subsidence velocity is developed based on the measured data from the surface observation stations. The results show that when the working face is pushed to the maximum settlement point of 170 m, the point of the sinking speed reaches the maximum value of 22.85 mm/d. The longer distance the panel advances, the higher value the surface maximum subsidence velocity reaches, so with its lagging distance. However, after the distance of the panel advancing is over about 600 m, the increase of these values is gradually much smaller, and then these values reach stable state of 22.00 mm/d and 165 m. In the following mining process, the surface subsidence velocity curve constantly moves forward with a fixed shape and lagging distance to panel. With domestic mining cases in the area covered with thick alluvium, relativity between dynamic subsidence parameters and the geological and mining technical parameters is analyzed with multiple regression method. At last, based on dynamic subsidence parameters variation, subsidence velocity prediction formula is obtained, which can predict subsidence velocity of any position at any time along the strike major cross direction. Comparing the expected value with measured value, it is proved that the expected results can meet the needs of the engineering practice.