近年我国新增耕地资源结构变化:成因与启示

1998年以来我国新增耕地结构发生显著变化,年均新增耕地总量减少10.6万ha,下降31%,其中未利用土地开发减少44%,土地复垦整理大幅增加。同时,不同地区新增耕地结构变化趋势存在差异,生态脆弱区与荒地集中开垦区未利用土地开发数量下降幅度大。研究表明,1998年以来行政与经济激励相结合的生态退耕政策、灾毁耕地补充政策以及其他土地财政制度对不合理的土地开发行为产生了明显的抑制效应,促进了土地破坏区的生态重建与中低产田区改造,从而使新增耕地资源结构产生显著变化。未来我国土地管理制度建设应更加注重经济激励机制的设计与应用。

Structure Changes of Complemented Arable Lands in Recent Years

ince 1998,the average scale of complemented arable land from wild exploitation has decreased 44 percent and those from land reclamation andconsolidation has increased 40 percent,which has brought in about 106 thousand haor 31 percent decreasing of the sum.Structure changes concentrated in regions used to be China's main channel of complemented arable land with weak natural conditions.It is showed that ecological land withdrawing from cultivation following the great flood in 1998 and regional complements fordisaster devastated farmland in arable land quantity balance system and some other relative land finacial institutions have positively affected the relative status of wild exploitation,land reclamation and land consolidation.The structure changes are mainly caused by the attention for social and ecological land revenues and the application of economical incentive mechanisms.Unfeasible land exploitation is restricted and the ecological rebuilding of destroyed lands and quality promoting of middle or low productivity arable lands and boosted.More attention should be put into the designing and application of economic mechanisms in land administration.